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Estudo sobre os objectivos de vida na idade adulta avançada
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Na presente investigação analisam-se as perspectivas teóricas susceptíveis de
oferecerem contribuições relevantes para a compreensão dos Objectivos de Vida e as
Fontes do Sentido de Vida na idade adulta avançada no contexto da saúde mental,
tomando como referencial teórico as perspectivas sobre o desenvolvimento da E. Erikson e C. Jung e como eixo orientador da investigação empírica a perspectiva
humanistico-existencial de V. Frankl.
A investigação orienta-se no sentido de contribuir para o desenvolvimento da
metodologia qualitativa dos Objectivos de Vida e visa identificar as componentes das
Fontes do Sentido de Vida, caracterizando quais as experiências de vida, metas,
ambições, crenças pessoais e valores envolvidos na construção do Sentido de Vida.
A amostra estudada é constituída por adultos idosos com idades compreendidas
entre os 65 e os 93 anos, dos quais 48.21% são do sexo masculino. A metodologia
utilizada integra escalas de auto-avaliação (Teste dos Objectivos de Vida-PIL-R e
Escalas de Bem-Estar Psicológico); Questionário sobre as Fontes do Sentido de Vida
(Teste dos Objectivos de Vida-PIL-B/C); Questão de Resposta Aberta sobre a Velhice.
Na primeira etapa do estudo com base na metodologia desenvolvida para
avaliação das Fontes do Sentido de Vida e da Atitude Pessoal perante a Velhice,
explora-se a associação com variáveis sócio-demográficas e características psicossociais.
Na segunda etapa, com base na auto-avaliação dos Objectivos de Vida, constituíram-se
três grupos de sujeitos, cada um representando um 'nível' de Objectivos de Vida:
Objectivos de Vida Reduzidos; Objectivos de Vida Médios; Objectivos de Vida
Elevados. Os resultados são analisados em conjunto com os vários significados
presentes na busca do Sentido de Vida e da Atitude Pessoal perante a Velhice. Os
sujeitos de cada um dos grupos identificam características consistentes com a teoria do
Sentido de Vida desenvolvida por V. Frankl, nomeadamente, que o mais importante na
vida é ter 'alguém para quem viver' e/ou 'algo por que viver' e a atitude que cada um
assume perante as situações. A conjugação da análise qualitativa e quantitativa, revelou-se
um desafio para futuras investigações, permitindo obter um quadro mais
compreensivo sobre os Objectivos de Vida.
In the present work the theoretical perspectives capable of giving relevant contributions to the understanding of the Purpose in Life and the Sources of Meaning in the elderly age in the framework of mental health are analysed. The development perspectives.of E. Erikson and C. Jung have been adopted as the theoretical reference frame and V. Frankl humanistic-existential perspective as the central axis of the empirical research. The research aims are the contribution to the quantitative methodology development of the Purpose in Life and the identification of the Sources of Meaning. Life experiences, goals, ambitions, personal beliefs and values involved in the Meaning of Life are characterized according. The studied sample consists of elderly adults with ages in the range of 65 to 93 years, 48.2% males and 51.8% females. The used methodology include self-report scales: Purpose in Life Test- PIL-R, Psychological Well-Being Scale-PWBS, Questionnaire on the Sources of Meaning (Purpose in Life Test -PIL-B/Q) and an Open Answer on Personal Attitude the Old Age. On a first stage the association between socio-demographic variables and psychosocial variables is studied based on the developed methodology on the assessment of the.Sources of Life Meaning and the Personal Attitude on the Old Age. On a second stage, based on the self-report Purpose in Life Test PIL-R, the sample was divided in three groups. Each one represents a 'level' of Purpose in Life: Low, Average and High Purposes in Life. The results were analyzed together with the several meanings present in the search of the Meaning of Life and the Personal Attitude in the Old Age. Each group element have identified characteristic consistent with V. Frankl theory on the Meaning of Life, namely that the most important is 'to have someone to live for' and/or 'to have something to live for' and the attitude towards the life situations. The qualitative and quantitative analysis made, set a challenge for future research on this field, towards a better understanding on the Purpose in Life.
In the present work the theoretical perspectives capable of giving relevant contributions to the understanding of the Purpose in Life and the Sources of Meaning in the elderly age in the framework of mental health are analysed. The development perspectives.of E. Erikson and C. Jung have been adopted as the theoretical reference frame and V. Frankl humanistic-existential perspective as the central axis of the empirical research. The research aims are the contribution to the quantitative methodology development of the Purpose in Life and the identification of the Sources of Meaning. Life experiences, goals, ambitions, personal beliefs and values involved in the Meaning of Life are characterized according. The studied sample consists of elderly adults with ages in the range of 65 to 93 years, 48.2% males and 51.8% females. The used methodology include self-report scales: Purpose in Life Test- PIL-R, Psychological Well-Being Scale-PWBS, Questionnaire on the Sources of Meaning (Purpose in Life Test -PIL-B/Q) and an Open Answer on Personal Attitude the Old Age. On a first stage the association between socio-demographic variables and psychosocial variables is studied based on the developed methodology on the assessment of the.Sources of Life Meaning and the Personal Attitude on the Old Age. On a second stage, based on the self-report Purpose in Life Test PIL-R, the sample was divided in three groups. Each one represents a 'level' of Purpose in Life: Low, Average and High Purposes in Life. The results were analyzed together with the several meanings present in the search of the Meaning of Life and the Personal Attitude in the Old Age. Each group element have identified characteristic consistent with V. Frankl theory on the Meaning of Life, namely that the most important is 'to have someone to live for' and/or 'to have something to live for' and the attitude towards the life situations. The qualitative and quantitative analysis made, set a challenge for future research on this field, towards a better understanding on the Purpose in Life.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Psicologia (Psicologia Clínica) apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2001
Palavras-chave
Teses de mestrado - 2001 Objectivos de vida Idosos Experiências de vida Ambições Crenças Valores Saúde mental