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Fatores de risco criminal e competências emocionais em ofensores
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Por forma a compreender parte da génese do comportamento criminal, propõem-se explorar os fatores de risco criminal, alexitimia e regulação emocional numa população de ofensores. O presente estudo contou com 92 participantes reclusos (dos quais 30 condenados por crimes contra a autodeterminação sexual, 30 contra a liberdade sexual e 32 contra a vida) e 35 participantes da população geral, do sexo masculino. Todos preencheram o Inventário de Fatores de Risco Criminal (IFRC – criado para este trabalho), a Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto de 20-itens (TAS) e o Questionário de Regulação Emocional (QRE). Foram encontradas diferenças, entre ofensores e não-ofensores, nos fatores de risco criminal. As tipologias de crime não apresentaram resultados discrepantes, porém os participantes reincidentes revelaram valores mais elevados no IFRC e em alguns dos domínios avaliados. A tipologia de abuso sexual apresentou diferenças na TAS e a de homicídio no Estilo de pensamento orientado para o exterior, quando comparadas com não-ofensores. No constructo de regulação emocional não foram encontradas diferenças. A história criminal, consumo abusivo de substâncias, abandono escolar precoce, baixo rendimento económico familiar e criminalidade na família surgem como principais preditores do IFRC. Os três últimos parecem também predizer a TAS e o QRE. Deste modo, os fatores de risco afiguram-se como particularmente informativos quanto à delinquência e podem sustentar a viragem da Psicologia Clínica para uma visão preventiva e interventiva primária, com a sinalização de casos de maior risco para o cometimento de comportamentos criminais e fatores com necessidade de intervenção especializada.
In order to understand part of the genesis of criminal behaviour, we proposed to explore the criminal risk factors, alexithymia and emotional regulation in offenders population. This study included 92 male inmates (including 30 convicted for child sexual abuse, 30 for rape, and 32 for murder) and 35 participants from the general population. All participants filled the Criminal Risk Factors Inventory (CRFI - created for this work), the Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Differences were found between offenders and non-offenders in criminal risk factors. The crime typologies did not presented discrepant results, but repeat offenders revealed higher values in the CRFI and in some areas evaluated. Child abusers showed differences in TAS and murders at externally-oriented thinking, when compared to non-offenders. Considering emotional regulation construct differences were not found. The criminal history, substance abuse, early school dropout, low family income and family criminality emerge as major predictors of the CRFI. This last three also appear to predict TAS and ERQ. Therefore, the risk factors appear to be particularly informative about crime and can sustain the turn of Clinical Psychology to a preventive vision and primary intervention, with the screening of high-risk cases for delinquency and factors in need to specialized intervention.
In order to understand part of the genesis of criminal behaviour, we proposed to explore the criminal risk factors, alexithymia and emotional regulation in offenders population. This study included 92 male inmates (including 30 convicted for child sexual abuse, 30 for rape, and 32 for murder) and 35 participants from the general population. All participants filled the Criminal Risk Factors Inventory (CRFI - created for this work), the Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Differences were found between offenders and non-offenders in criminal risk factors. The crime typologies did not presented discrepant results, but repeat offenders revealed higher values in the CRFI and in some areas evaluated. Child abusers showed differences in TAS and murders at externally-oriented thinking, when compared to non-offenders. Considering emotional regulation construct differences were not found. The criminal history, substance abuse, early school dropout, low family income and family criminality emerge as major predictors of the CRFI. This last three also appear to predict TAS and ERQ. Therefore, the risk factors appear to be particularly informative about crime and can sustain the turn of Clinical Psychology to a preventive vision and primary intervention, with the screening of high-risk cases for delinquency and factors in need to specialized intervention.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2015
Palavras-chave
Alexitimia Regulação emocional Diferenças individuais Teses de mestrado - 2015