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A Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM tipo 2) afeta cerca de 312 milhões de pessoas no mundo. É um dos principais fatores de risco cardiovascular, aumentando em 2-4 vezes o risco de doenças cardiovasculares e acidentes vasculares cerebrais, sendo estas as principais causas de morte em diabéticos2.
Um dos mecanismos mais recentemente explorados para o tratamento da DM tipo 2 é o das incretinas, a GIP e a GLP-1, que são hormonas secretadas no trato gastrointestinal com ações benéficas para o controlo da hiperglicémia, tais como aumento da produção e secreção da insulina e supressão da glicagina. Foram criadas então duas classes de fármacos: os inibidores da DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4, enzima que degrada o GLP-1) e os análogos do GLP-1, que mimetizam a ação do GLP-1 humano.
Esta revisão aborda os análogos do GLP-1 e as vantagens que trazem face aos outros antidiabéticos, como, por exemplo, a maior perda de peso e o melhor controlo da glicémia. Atualmente, dois análogos do GLP-1 são comparticipados em Portugal (o Liraglutide desde Janeiro de 2014 e o Exenatide desde Novembro do mesmo ano) precisamente pelo valor acrescido de não causarem aumento de peso, e até o reduzir significativamente.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM type 2) affects about 312 million people worldwide. It is strongly correlated with cardiovascular disease, increasing 2-4 times the risk of heart disease and stroke, the main causes of death and disability in diabetics2. One of the newer therapeutic mechanisms for DM type 2 are the incretines, GIP and GLP-1. These hormones are secreted in the gastrointestinal tract with benefits in controlling hyperglycemia such as increased production and secretion of insulin and suppression of glucagon. Based on this mechanism, two types of drugs were created: the DPP-4 inhibitors (dipeptidyl peptidase-4, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of GLP-1) and the GLP-1 analogues, which mimic the effects of the human GLP-1. This review is about the GLP-1 analogues and the benefits that they bring compared to other oral antidiabetic drugs such as weight loss and better control of the glycemia. Two GLP-1 analogues have been approved for reimbursement in Portugal (Liraglutide since January 2014 and Exenatide since November 2014) due to their action on significantly decreasing weight.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM type 2) affects about 312 million people worldwide. It is strongly correlated with cardiovascular disease, increasing 2-4 times the risk of heart disease and stroke, the main causes of death and disability in diabetics2. One of the newer therapeutic mechanisms for DM type 2 are the incretines, GIP and GLP-1. These hormones are secreted in the gastrointestinal tract with benefits in controlling hyperglycemia such as increased production and secretion of insulin and suppression of glucagon. Based on this mechanism, two types of drugs were created: the DPP-4 inhibitors (dipeptidyl peptidase-4, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of GLP-1) and the GLP-1 analogues, which mimic the effects of the human GLP-1. This review is about the GLP-1 analogues and the benefits that they bring compared to other oral antidiabetic drugs such as weight loss and better control of the glycemia. Two GLP-1 analogues have been approved for reimbursement in Portugal (Liraglutide since January 2014 and Exenatide since November 2014) due to their action on significantly decreasing weight.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Análogos GLP-1 Liraglutide Exenatide Perda de peso Hipoglicemia
