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A saúde mental e a crise económica (2010-2014) em Portugal
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A gravidade da crise económica (2010-2014) em Portugal, faria prever, conhecendo a fragilidade da saúde mental dos portugueses e as consequências nefastas que esta e outras crises tiveram sobre diversas populações, um impacto negativo da recessão.
Por um lado, verificou-se um agravamento do bem-estar mental e um aumento da prevalência de perturbações do espectro do humor e da ansiedade, aliados a um aumento do consumo de psicofármacos e da procura de tratamento.
Por outro, as hospitalizações diminuíram em todos os grupos nosológicos e os dados em relação ao suicídio são ambíguos, constatando-se uma diminuição das taxas de mortalidade, por esta causa, no período intracrise (2010-2013), apesar do seu incremento significativo entre períodos plurianuais, anteriores e coincidentes com a crise.
Por conseguinte, apesar da sobreposição entre os grupos mais prejudicados economicamente pela crise e aqueles cujo estado de saúde mais foi afectado (homens, desempregados, com baixo estatuto socioeconómico e baixo nível de educação) e dos menores níveis de saúde mental em indivíduos desempregados ou com dificuldades financeira, a hipótese de Durkheim e da causalidade social, não podendo ser excluída, também não se verifica com a intensidade que se viu noutros países, como a Grécia.
Motivos que podem justificar esta incerteza são a menor intensidade da crise, a escassez de casuística e os indicadores de saúde mental contraditórios no caso português.
Para compreender melhor o impacto da crise são necessários estudos focados nos grupos que se julgam ter sido mais afectados e onde a evidência se poderá revelar mais sólida e as conclusões mais aplicáveis.
The severity of the economic crisis (2010-2014) in Portugal would have us believe, knowing the frailty of Portuguese mental health and the severe consequences other crises had in different populations, that the impact of the recession would be harsh. On the one hand, mental well-being deteriorated, and the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders rose, with a simultaneous growth in psychiatric medication consumption and treatment-seeking. On the other hand, hospitalizations declined in all nosologic groups and data regarding suicide are ambiguous: mortality rates due to this cause decreased during the crisis (2010-2013), while during multiannual periods (precrisis and crisis) a significant growth was observed. Therefore, despite the overlap between the more economically affected groups and those where mental health was most impaired (men, unemployed, of low socioeconomic status and with a low level of education), adding up to the worse outcomes seen in the unemployed or in those experiencing financial strain, Durkheim and the social causality hypothesis, even though not rejected, isn’t supported with the strength seen in other countries, like Greece. The reasons that might explain this difference are the lower intensity of the crisis, the scarcity of scientific evidence and the conflicting data regarding mental health outcomes seen in Portugal. To better understand the impact of this crisis, studies focusing on the groups believed to have been more affected are needed, allowing access to more solid evidence and, consequently, more practical conclusions.
The severity of the economic crisis (2010-2014) in Portugal would have us believe, knowing the frailty of Portuguese mental health and the severe consequences other crises had in different populations, that the impact of the recession would be harsh. On the one hand, mental well-being deteriorated, and the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders rose, with a simultaneous growth in psychiatric medication consumption and treatment-seeking. On the other hand, hospitalizations declined in all nosologic groups and data regarding suicide are ambiguous: mortality rates due to this cause decreased during the crisis (2010-2013), while during multiannual periods (precrisis and crisis) a significant growth was observed. Therefore, despite the overlap between the more economically affected groups and those where mental health was most impaired (men, unemployed, of low socioeconomic status and with a low level of education), adding up to the worse outcomes seen in the unemployed or in those experiencing financial strain, Durkheim and the social causality hypothesis, even though not rejected, isn’t supported with the strength seen in other countries, like Greece. The reasons that might explain this difference are the lower intensity of the crisis, the scarcity of scientific evidence and the conflicting data regarding mental health outcomes seen in Portugal. To better understand the impact of this crisis, studies focusing on the groups believed to have been more affected are needed, allowing access to more solid evidence and, consequently, more practical conclusions.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Palavras-chave
Saúde mental Suicídio Crise económica Desemprego Portugal Psiquiatria