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Clima local e aptidão olivícola: a margem esquerda do Tejo junto a Alvega
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A região de Alvega é uma área topograficamente contrastada oscilando entre as cotas 20 e 299
metros. É caracterizada por extensa área planáltica constituída por terrenos detríticos
essencialmente areno-argilosos por vezes com cascalheiras, encontrando-se fortemente
dissecada por uma densa rede hidrográfica por vezes instalada em linhas de fractura.
Pontualmente ocorrem intrusões de rochas magmáticas ao longo das linhas de fractura dando
origem a pequenas colinas no seio do planalto. A dinâmica fluvial conduziu à formação de
reduzidas planícies constituídas por aluviões e depósitos de antigas praias além do
desenvolvimento de terraços, por vezes, de dimensões apreciáveis. A influência destas
características topográficas reflecte-se num mosaico complexo de climas locais.
Esta investigação é um estudo dos climas locais da região de Alvega aplicado à olivicultura
tendo como objectivo primordial a caracterização e síntese cartográfica dos climas locais com
vista à definição das suas potencialidades para a prática da olivicultura.
À escala local, estudaram-se os regimes e contrastes da temperatura do ar, precipitação e vento
bem como os padrões espaciais das temperaturas mínimas do ar. No âmbito do estudo destes
últimos foi construída e instalada na região uma rede de postos termométricos automáticos.
A síntese cartográfica dos climas locais teve por base a definição dos climatopos a partir das
unidades de relevo classificadas por factores que reflectem comportamentos climáticos
particulares. O uso do solo sobrepõe-se a estas influenciando-as, alterando o seu cariz climático.
O conhecimento prévio da variação de elementos climáticos em função da topografia e do uso
do solo permitiu verificar a correspondência para algumas unidades. As restantes unidades
foram caracterizadas por interpretação baseada no conhecimento de outros locais da região. A
análise e integração dos descritores-base empregues na definição dos climas locais foram
realizadas em ambiente SIG. A carta dos climas locais da região de Alvega exibe uma legenda
simples e de fácil interpretação onde se encontram sistematizadas as principais características
dos climas locais constituindo uma ferramenta passível de aplicação no ordenamento do
território.
A análise dos requisitos climáticos da oliveira ao longo do seu ciclo vegetativo relacionada com
as características dos climas locais permitiu determinar as potencialidades climáticas à
olivicultura. A carta das potencialidades climáticas locais à olivicultura na região de Alvega
constitui uma aplicação ao ordenamento agrícola do território.
ABSTRACT: The Alvega region is a topographically contrasted area with an altitude ranging from 20 to 299 meters. It is characterized by an extensive plateau area with mainly detrital sand-clay soil, mixed, in some places, with gravel and heavily dissected by a dense hydrographic network sometimes installed on fault lines. Magmatic intrusions occur occasionally along the fault lines giving rise to small hills on the plateau. The fluvial dynamics led to the formation of small alluvial plains formed by ancient beaches and deposits and to the development of terraces, sometimes of considerable size. The influence of these topographic features is reflected in a complex mosaic of local climates. This research is a study of local climates in the Alvega region applied to olive growing and has as its primary objective the characterization and synthesis mapping of local climates, in order to define its potential for olive growing. We carried out studies, at local scale, of schemes and contrasts in air temperature, precipitation, wind, as well as of spatial patterns of minimum air temperatures. In order to study the latter we constructed and installed a network of automatic thermometric stations in the region. The synthesis mapping of local climates was based on the definition of climatopes from landscape units classified by factors that reflect specific climate behaviour. The land use overlaps with those influencing them, changing their climate profile. Prior knowledge of the variation of climatic elements depending on the topography and land use showed the correspondence for some units. The remaining units were characterized by knowledge-based interpretation of the surrounding regions. The analysis and integration of basic descriptors used in the definition of local climates were performed in a GIS environment. The map of local climates of the Alvega region displays a simple and easy to interpret caption, in which the main characteristics of local climates are systematized, and represents a tool for planning. The analysis of the climatic requirements of olive trees throughout its growth cycle related to the characteristics of local climates allowed to determine the climatic potential for olive growing. The map of the local climatic potential to olive growing in the Alvega region, prepared in this investigation, can be applied to agricultural land planning.
ABSTRACT: The Alvega region is a topographically contrasted area with an altitude ranging from 20 to 299 meters. It is characterized by an extensive plateau area with mainly detrital sand-clay soil, mixed, in some places, with gravel and heavily dissected by a dense hydrographic network sometimes installed on fault lines. Magmatic intrusions occur occasionally along the fault lines giving rise to small hills on the plateau. The fluvial dynamics led to the formation of small alluvial plains formed by ancient beaches and deposits and to the development of terraces, sometimes of considerable size. The influence of these topographic features is reflected in a complex mosaic of local climates. This research is a study of local climates in the Alvega region applied to olive growing and has as its primary objective the characterization and synthesis mapping of local climates, in order to define its potential for olive growing. We carried out studies, at local scale, of schemes and contrasts in air temperature, precipitation, wind, as well as of spatial patterns of minimum air temperatures. In order to study the latter we constructed and installed a network of automatic thermometric stations in the region. The synthesis mapping of local climates was based on the definition of climatopes from landscape units classified by factors that reflect specific climate behaviour. The land use overlaps with those influencing them, changing their climate profile. Prior knowledge of the variation of climatic elements depending on the topography and land use showed the correspondence for some units. The remaining units were characterized by knowledge-based interpretation of the surrounding regions. The analysis and integration of basic descriptors used in the definition of local climates were performed in a GIS environment. The map of local climates of the Alvega region displays a simple and easy to interpret caption, in which the main characteristics of local climates are systematized, and represents a tool for planning. The analysis of the climatic requirements of olive trees throughout its growth cycle related to the characteristics of local climates allowed to determine the climatic potential for olive growing. The map of the local climatic potential to olive growing in the Alvega region, prepared in this investigation, can be applied to agricultural land planning.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Geografia - Geografia Física e Ordenamento do Território, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, 2011
Palavras-chave
Clima - Alvega (Abrantes, Portugal) Agroclimatologia - Alvega (Abrantes, Portugal) Olivicultura - Alvega (Abrantes, Portugal) Teses de mestrado - 2011