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Estudo parasitológico gastrointestinal em roedores domésticos em Portugal : determinação de prevalências, comparação de métodos coprológicos e identificação de factores de risco
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Os roedores estão cada vez mais presentes nos agregados familiares como animais de companhia. Estes podem albergar parasitas com potencial zoonótico, com implicações para a Saúde Pública. Neste sentido, são realizados, a nível internacional, vários estudos epidemiológicos numa perspetiva de ―One Health‖. De janeiro a abril de 2024, foi realizado um estudo parasitológico gastrointestinal em roedores domésticos, em Portugal, com o intuito de determinar prevalências de parasitas gastrointestinais, comparar métodos coprológicos e identificar factores de risco. Foram analisadas 47 amostras fecais (34 individuais e 13 de grupo) de 71 roedores (34 porquinhos da-índia, 16 ratazanas, 9 hamsters, 8 chinchilas e 4 gerbos), pertencentes a 29 detentores particulares e a uma loja de animais. Realizou-se um inquérito epidemiológico para recolha de informações referentes a estes roedores e aos seus detentores. Na análise das amostras fecais, utilizaram-se 5 métodos coprológicos qualitativos: Mini-FLOTAC, flutuação adaptada da técnica de Willis, sedimentação natural adaptada, coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada e imunofluorescência direta. A compilação das informações do inquérito com os resultados laboratoriais, permitiu criar uma base de dados para o desenvolvimento do estudo. Foram identificados 7 parasitas gastrointestinais: Aspiculuris tetraptera, Dentostomella translucida, Syphacia muris, Syphacia obvelata, Hymenolepis diminuta, coccídias e Giardia spp. Obteve-se uma prevalência global de 30% (14/47), com os nematodes a serem os mais prevalentes. Em termos de Saúde Pública, 10% (3/29) dos agregados familiares conjugavam pessoas imunocomprometidas e, pelo menos, um animal positivo para parasitas com potencial zoonótico. Mini-FLOTAC foi o método que apresentou maior sensibilidade na deteção de animais afetados com parasitas gastrointestinais (71%). O parâmetro ―tipo de hospedeiro roedor‖ e o sub-parâmetro ―tipo de alojamento‖ foram os únicos factores de risco identificados no estudo, com os roedores da subordem Myomorpha (ratazanas, gerbos e hamsters) e os alojados em tanques de plástico ou de vida livre, a apresentarem prevalências mais elevadas para infeções parasitárias gastrointestinais. Apesar da forte associação entre variáveis, nenhuma das suas categorias se destacou de forma significativa no contributo para a significância global das respectivas associações
Rodents are increasingly present in household environments as pets. They can harbor parasites with zoonotic potential, with Public Health implications. From a ―One Health‖ perspective, several epidemiological studies are conducted worldwide. From January to April 2024, a gastrointestinal parasitological study was conducted on domestic rodents in Portugal, aiming to determine parasite prevalence, compare coprological methods and identify risk factors. A total of 47 fecal samples (34 individual and 13 group samples) from 71 rodents (34 guinea pigs, 16 rats, 9 hamsters, 8 chinchillas, and 4 gerbils) were analyzed. These rodents belonged to 29 private owners and one pet shop. An epidemiological questionnaire was undertaken, to collect information about the rodents and their owners. In the analysis of fecal samples, five qualitative coprological methods were performed: Mini-FLOTAC, adapted Willis flotation technique, adapted natural sedimentation, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and direct immunofluorescence. The compilation of survey data and laboratory results allowed the development of a database for the study. Seven gastrointestinal parasites were identified: Aspiculuris tetraptera, Dentostomella translucida, Syphacia muris, Syphacia obvelata, Hymenolepis diminuta, coccidia, and Giardia spp. An overall prevalence of 30% (14/47) was obtained, with nematodes being the most prevalent group. In terms of Public Health, 10% (3/29) of households included immunocompromised individuals and at least one positive animal for potentially zoonotic parasites. Mini-FLOTAC was the most sensitive method in detecting animals affected by gastrointestinal parasites (71%). The ―rodent host type‖ parameter and the ―housing type‖ sub-parameter were the only risk factors identified in the study, with rodents from the suborder Myomorpha (rats, gerbils and hamsters) and those housed in plastic tanks or living freely showing higher prevalence rates of gastrointestinal parasitic infections. Despite strong association between variables, none of the individual categories stood out significantly in their contribution to the overall significance of the respective associations
Rodents are increasingly present in household environments as pets. They can harbor parasites with zoonotic potential, with Public Health implications. From a ―One Health‖ perspective, several epidemiological studies are conducted worldwide. From January to April 2024, a gastrointestinal parasitological study was conducted on domestic rodents in Portugal, aiming to determine parasite prevalence, compare coprological methods and identify risk factors. A total of 47 fecal samples (34 individual and 13 group samples) from 71 rodents (34 guinea pigs, 16 rats, 9 hamsters, 8 chinchillas, and 4 gerbils) were analyzed. These rodents belonged to 29 private owners and one pet shop. An epidemiological questionnaire was undertaken, to collect information about the rodents and their owners. In the analysis of fecal samples, five qualitative coprological methods were performed: Mini-FLOTAC, adapted Willis flotation technique, adapted natural sedimentation, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and direct immunofluorescence. The compilation of survey data and laboratory results allowed the development of a database for the study. Seven gastrointestinal parasites were identified: Aspiculuris tetraptera, Dentostomella translucida, Syphacia muris, Syphacia obvelata, Hymenolepis diminuta, coccidia, and Giardia spp. An overall prevalence of 30% (14/47) was obtained, with nematodes being the most prevalent group. In terms of Public Health, 10% (3/29) of households included immunocompromised individuals and at least one positive animal for potentially zoonotic parasites. Mini-FLOTAC was the most sensitive method in detecting animals affected by gastrointestinal parasites (71%). The ―rodent host type‖ parameter and the ―housing type‖ sub-parameter were the only risk factors identified in the study, with rodents from the suborder Myomorpha (rats, gerbils and hamsters) and those housed in plastic tanks or living freely showing higher prevalence rates of gastrointestinal parasitic infections. Despite strong association between variables, none of the individual categories stood out significantly in their contribution to the overall significance of the respective associations
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Palavras-chave
Roedores domésticos Parasitas gastrointestinais Factores de risco Mini FLOTAC Rastreio Domestic rodents Gastrointestinal parasites Risk factors Mini-FLOTAC Screening