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Mutações constitucionais
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Abstract(s)
Analisam-se as mutações constitucionais via judicial, delineando-se um conceito e perquirindo os limites a que estão submetidas. A partir de técnica de pesquisa baseada em coleta e análise de documentação indireta, com pesquisas na literatura especializada brasileira e estrangeira, em leis, julgados e pesquisas documentais de constituições, comprova-se que os Ministros da Suprema Corte brasileira têm entendimentos diferentes acerca do que seria a mutação constitucional e que o conceito e a definição dos seus limites sofrem variações de país para país. Analisam-se mutações nas realidades brasileira, portuguesa, italiana e norte-americana. Diferencia-se reforma de mutação constitucional, consistindo, a primeira, em alterações pontuais, realizadas por procedimentos prescritos na constituição; a segunda, em resultado de processo silencioso e não previsto no texto constitucional, com o propósito de se adaptar a norma à realidade, como meio de preservação da constituição. A mutação consiste em instrumento, promovido por diversos agentes, por meio do qual são introduzidas, no processo de concretização, por meio da interpretação/concretização da constituição, alterações advindas da realidade circundante – isto é: no sentido, no significado e no alcance da norma constitucional –, modificando o âmbito normativo e culminando em nova norma constitucional atualizada e consentânea com os anseios sociais, desenvolvendo, complementando e esclarecendo, sem jamais violar determinadas limitações. Atrelada a limites, contemplados nesse trabalho, sem propósito impositivo – como a elasticidade do texto, cláusulas pétreas, motivação argumentativa das decisões judiciais e consciência jurídica geral –, não se confunde a mutação constitucional com mera interpretação judicial, uma vez que aquela resulta em instrumento mais profundo do que mera interpretação, seja evolutiva ou construtiva, de uma carta magna, não se resumindo também a mera mudança de jurisprudência. São diversos os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência da mutação, dentre eles: a abertura/elasticidade constitucional, que se subdivide no caráter principiológico da constituição e nas lacunas e omissões – e o controle de constitucionalidade.
This Master’s thesis analyses constitutional mutations created by court decisions, outlining their concept and inquiring the limits they are subject to. Through research technique based on data collection and analysis of indirect documentation in Brazilian and foreign specialist literature, laws, decisions and documentary research of constitutions, it can be seen that the Justices of the Brazilian Supreme Court have different opinions about what a constitutional mutation is, and that the concept and definition of its boundaries varies from country to country. This work analyses mutations in Brazil, Portugal, Italy and North America. A difference between constitutional reform and mutation is established; the former implies individual changes brought on by procedures prescribed in the constitution; the latter stems from a silent process not provided for in the constitution, in order to adapt the norm to the reality, and therefore preserve the constitution. Mutation is an instrument carried out by many agents through which changes arising from the surrounding reality are entered into the concretization process, through interpretation/attainment of the constitution – i.e.: in sense, meaning and scope of the constitutional rule –, modifying the regulatory framework and resulting in a new updated constitutional rule in line with social expectations, developing, complementing and clarifying, without violating boundaries. Subject to some boundaries addressed without imposition in this work – such as text elasticity, immutable clauses, argumentative motivation of judicial decisions, and general legal awareness –, constitutional mutation does not mean mere judicial interpretation; this instrument is deeper than mere evolutionary or constructive interpretation of a magna carta, and it is not mere change in jurisprudence. Several factors contribute to mutation, such as the constitutional openness/elasticity – which is divided into the ruling-principle character of the constitution and into its gaps and omissions – as well as judicial review.
This Master’s thesis analyses constitutional mutations created by court decisions, outlining their concept and inquiring the limits they are subject to. Through research technique based on data collection and analysis of indirect documentation in Brazilian and foreign specialist literature, laws, decisions and documentary research of constitutions, it can be seen that the Justices of the Brazilian Supreme Court have different opinions about what a constitutional mutation is, and that the concept and definition of its boundaries varies from country to country. This work analyses mutations in Brazil, Portugal, Italy and North America. A difference between constitutional reform and mutation is established; the former implies individual changes brought on by procedures prescribed in the constitution; the latter stems from a silent process not provided for in the constitution, in order to adapt the norm to the reality, and therefore preserve the constitution. Mutation is an instrument carried out by many agents through which changes arising from the surrounding reality are entered into the concretization process, through interpretation/attainment of the constitution – i.e.: in sense, meaning and scope of the constitutional rule –, modifying the regulatory framework and resulting in a new updated constitutional rule in line with social expectations, developing, complementing and clarifying, without violating boundaries. Subject to some boundaries addressed without imposition in this work – such as text elasticity, immutable clauses, argumentative motivation of judicial decisions, and general legal awareness –, constitutional mutation does not mean mere judicial interpretation; this instrument is deeper than mere evolutionary or constructive interpretation of a magna carta, and it is not mere change in jurisprudence. Several factors contribute to mutation, such as the constitutional openness/elasticity – which is divided into the ruling-principle character of the constitution and into its gaps and omissions – as well as judicial review.
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Keywords
Direito constitucional Mutação constitucional Interpretação Limites Jurisdição Teses de mestrado - 2016