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Biomarcadores de contaminação ambiental em bivalves
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Os bivalves em Portugal têm sido uma grande fonte alimentar e de rendimento, uma vez que
são excelentes fontes de nutrientes essenciais ao ser humano e podemos encontrá-los ao longo
da extensa orla costeira portuguesa.
Uma das espécies em Portugal com maior relevância económica e das mais apreciadas pelos
consumidores, tem sido a Ruditapes decussatus, também conhecida por amêijoa boa, produzida
em grandes quantidades nas Rias de Aveiro e Ria Formosa no Algarve. Estes invertebrados são
constituídos por um exoesqueleto de duas valvas que filtram uma grande quantidade de água à
procura de fitoplâncton, o seu principal alimento.
Contudo, as descargas de efluentes industriais têm contaminado as águas e devido às
características de absorção e respiração dos bivalves, estas podem representar um perigo para
a saúde humana, dado que irá expor o consumidor a uma grande diversidade de substâncias, os
chamados contaminantes químicos.
Fatores como a sua extensa distribuição geográfica, resistência a mudanças ambientais,
sedentarismo e bioacumulação fazem com que estes organismos aquáticos sejam excelentes
biomonitores em estudos com o fim de elucidar a presença de contaminantes em ecossistemas
aquáticos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho pretende reforçar que a análise de biomarcadores
de contaminação ambiental nos bivalves é uma mais valia na avaliação da presença de
substâncias tóxicas, permitindo ações de controlo ou corretivas, não só para proteger e
salvaguardar os ecossistemas, mas também para reduzir os potenciais efeitos nefastos na saúde
humana.
Bivalves in Portugal have been a great source of profitability and food, since they are an excellent source of essential nutrients for mankind and we can find them along the extensive Portuguese coastline. One of the species in Portugal with great economic relevance and most appreciated by the consumers, has been Ruditapes decussatus, also known as amêijoa boa, produced in large quantities in the Rias de Aveiro and Ria Formosa in Algarve. These invertebrates are constituted by a two-shell exoskeleton, that filter a large amount of water in search of phytoplankton, their main source of food. However, there has been illegal dumping of contaminated water from various Portuguese industries, which makes its water absorption characteristic a human health hazard, since it will expose the consumer to dissolved substances such as chemical contaminants or heavy metals. Factors such as their extensive geographical distribution, resistance to environmental changes, sedentarism and bioaccumulation make these aquatic organisms excellent biomonitors in studies to elucidate the presence of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the present work intends to reinforce that the analysis of biomarkers of environmental contamination in bivalves would constitute an added value in the detection of the toxic substance present, allowing control or corrective actions not only to save the ecosystem, but also to reduce the danger of public health.
Bivalves in Portugal have been a great source of profitability and food, since they are an excellent source of essential nutrients for mankind and we can find them along the extensive Portuguese coastline. One of the species in Portugal with great economic relevance and most appreciated by the consumers, has been Ruditapes decussatus, also known as amêijoa boa, produced in large quantities in the Rias de Aveiro and Ria Formosa in Algarve. These invertebrates are constituted by a two-shell exoskeleton, that filter a large amount of water in search of phytoplankton, their main source of food. However, there has been illegal dumping of contaminated water from various Portuguese industries, which makes its water absorption characteristic a human health hazard, since it will expose the consumer to dissolved substances such as chemical contaminants or heavy metals. Factors such as their extensive geographical distribution, resistance to environmental changes, sedentarism and bioaccumulation make these aquatic organisms excellent biomonitors in studies to elucidate the presence of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the present work intends to reinforce that the analysis of biomarkers of environmental contamination in bivalves would constitute an added value in the detection of the toxic substance present, allowing control or corrective actions not only to save the ecosystem, but also to reduce the danger of public health.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Biomarcador ambiental Biomonitores Bivalve Poluição aquática Mestrado integrado - 2021