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O controle judicial dos deveres prestacionais do estado e o orçamento público : limites e desafios
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| 7.22 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
No Brasil, tem-se verificado um aumento significativo de demandas judiciais que pleiteiam a concretização de serviços públicos, transferindo para o Judiciário o debate de temas antes voltados exclusivamente à arena política. Prova de que os brasileiros encontram-se insatisfeitos com a qualidade das prestações estatais disponibilizadas.
O presente trabalho procura investigar justamente quando e como o Poder Judiciário brasileiro deve agir na solução de desacordos constitucionais que tratam das omissões do Poder Público, no campo dos deveres prestacionais. Por sua vez, ao fazê-lo, pretende-se analisar o problema sob um olhar mais atento à temática orçamental.
Com efeito, a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos relaciona-se, em grande medida, às intervenções estatais e, em última ratio, ao orçamento público, ferramenta a serviço do planejamento financeiro do Estado. Se por um lado a boa governança não depende apenas de dinheiro, de outro, toda e qualquer atividade governamental possui custos, sendo os recursos públicos limitados para o atendimento das múltiplas necessidades sociais. Assim, não há dúvida de que o manuseio do orçamento público corresponde a uma atividade de fundamental relevância, não somente pelo volume de recursos que aloca, como também e principalmente pela imprescindibilidade dos objetivos que, por seu intermédio, almeja-se realizar.
A efetividade dos direitos fundamentais, essencialmente os prestacionais, depende de finanças públicas sólidas e voltadas aos fins constitucionais, os quais não são alcançados pela mera proclamação formal de direitos fundamentais na Constituição. Sem dúvida, trata-se de uma construção que exige o engajamento real e contínuo de todos os poderes constituídos, inclusive da Justiça Constitucional. O desafio é justamente delinear os limites de tal intervenção, a fim de que sejam respeitadas as competências orçamentais dos demais poderes e, concomitantemente, haja a preservação da força normativa da Constituição.
Nesse contexto, o enfrentamento do tema orçamental é essencial, pois permite avaliar, com maior precisão, as justificativas estatais em casos de descumprimento dos deveres prestacionais, bem como identificar e coibir os eventuais abusos de poder. Pode-se afirmar, inclusive, que sem investigar o orçamento, dificilmente se a dentrará no âmago dos desacordos constitucionais travados nesses domínios. Isto porque não se pode admitir o cometimento de arbitrariedades na condução dos recursos públicos, mesmo quando praticadas sob o crivo da Justiça Constitucional. O Brasil precisa avançar no campo da concretização dos direitos fundamentais, mas deve fazê-lo com sustentabilidade, coerência e, acima de tudo, em deferência à Constituição Federal.
In Brazil, there has been a significant increase in the number of lawsuits demanding the implementation of public services, transferring to the Judiciary the debate on issues previously focused exclusively on the political arena. Proof that the Brazilians are dissatisfied with the quality of the state services provided. The present work seeks to investigate precisely when and how the Brazilian Judiciary should act in the solution of constitutional disagreements that deal with the omissions of the Administration, in the field of the duties involving public services. In turn, in doing so, it was intended to analyze the problem with a closer look at the budget theme. In fact, citizens' quality of life is largely related to state interventions and, ultimately, to the public budget, a tool in the service of State financial planning. If on the one hand good governance does not depend only on money, on the other, every government activity has costs, and public resources are limited to meet the multiple social needs. Thus, there is no doubt that the handling of the public budget corresponds to an activity of fundamental importance, not only for the volume of resources it allocates, but also and especially for the in-dispensability of the objectives that, through it, it is desired to achieve. The effectiveness of fundamental rights, essentially those involving the provision of public services, depends on sound public finance coherent with constitutional purposes, which is not achieved by the mere formal proclamation of fundamental rights in the Constitution. Undoubtedly, it is a construction that requires the real and continuous engagement of all constituted powers, including Constitutional Justice. The challenge is precisely to delineate the limits of such intervention, so that the budgetary competences of the other powers are respected and, at the same time, the normative force of the Constitution is preserved. In this context, tackling the budget issue is essential, since it allows for a more precise assessment of state justifications in cases of noncompliance with the provision of public services, as well as identifying and restraining any abuse of power. It can even be said that without investigating the budget, it will hardly enter into the heart of the constitutional disagreements in these areas. This is because one cannot admit the committing of arbitrariness in the conduct of public resources, even when practiced under the scrutiny of Constitutional Jus-tice. Brazil needs to advance in the field of the realization of fundamental rights, but must do so with sustainability, consistency and, above all, in deference to the Federal Constitution.
In Brazil, there has been a significant increase in the number of lawsuits demanding the implementation of public services, transferring to the Judiciary the debate on issues previously focused exclusively on the political arena. Proof that the Brazilians are dissatisfied with the quality of the state services provided. The present work seeks to investigate precisely when and how the Brazilian Judiciary should act in the solution of constitutional disagreements that deal with the omissions of the Administration, in the field of the duties involving public services. In turn, in doing so, it was intended to analyze the problem with a closer look at the budget theme. In fact, citizens' quality of life is largely related to state interventions and, ultimately, to the public budget, a tool in the service of State financial planning. If on the one hand good governance does not depend only on money, on the other, every government activity has costs, and public resources are limited to meet the multiple social needs. Thus, there is no doubt that the handling of the public budget corresponds to an activity of fundamental importance, not only for the volume of resources it allocates, but also and especially for the in-dispensability of the objectives that, through it, it is desired to achieve. The effectiveness of fundamental rights, essentially those involving the provision of public services, depends on sound public finance coherent with constitutional purposes, which is not achieved by the mere formal proclamation of fundamental rights in the Constitution. Undoubtedly, it is a construction that requires the real and continuous engagement of all constituted powers, including Constitutional Justice. The challenge is precisely to delineate the limits of such intervention, so that the budgetary competences of the other powers are respected and, at the same time, the normative force of the Constitution is preserved. In this context, tackling the budget issue is essential, since it allows for a more precise assessment of state justifications in cases of noncompliance with the provision of public services, as well as identifying and restraining any abuse of power. It can even be said that without investigating the budget, it will hardly enter into the heart of the constitutional disagreements in these areas. This is because one cannot admit the committing of arbitrariness in the conduct of public resources, even when practiced under the scrutiny of Constitutional Jus-tice. Brazil needs to advance in the field of the realization of fundamental rights, but must do so with sustainability, consistency and, above all, in deference to the Federal Constitution.
Description
Keywords
Justiça Constitucional deveres prestacionais omissões estatais omissões estatais orçamento público limites legitimidade separação dos poderes reserva do financeiramente possível Constitutional Justice judicial control duties involving public services state omissions public budget limits legitimacy separation of powers reservation of the financially possible