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Assistência jurídica no Pacto Internacional de Direitos Civis e Políticos – art. 14.3(d)
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O trabalho se estrutura em três capítulos principais, cada um abordando aspectos distintos da assistência jurídica, com ênfase no direito de ter assistência designada pelo Estado, conforme o artigo 14.3(d) do Pacto Internacional de Direitos Civis e Políticos (PIDCP). O primeiro capítulo traça um panorama histórico, desde o Concílio de Calcedônia (451), que estabeleceu a assistência jurídica por clérigos para necessitados, até o Relatório Rushcliffe (1945), que influenciou a criação do “Legal Aid and Advice Act, 1949” na Inglaterra e no País de Gales. O capítulo aborda o desenvolvimento das profissões jurídicas na Inglaterra e a evolução das normas que visavam garantir o direito ao defensor para aqueles que não possuíam recursos para pagar pela defesa. No segundo capítulo, são discutidos os trabalhos preparatórios que culminaram no PIDCP. O Reino Unido desempenhou um papel central na formulação do direito de ter assistência jurídica, propondo a inclusão de condições como insuficiência de recursos e os interesses da justiça para a concessão desse direito. O capítulo explora as divergências entre as propostas britânicas e de outros países, como França e Estados Unidos, especialmente no que diz respeito ao alcance e à gratuidade da assistência jurídica. O terceiro capítulo analisa o direito de ter assistência jurídica designada pelo Estado, tal como previsto no PIDCP, abordando a relação entre apoio judiciário e assistência jurídica, as condições para a concessão desse direito, e a avaliação dos interesses da justiça e da insuficiência de recursos. São discutidos critérios como a gravidade do ilícito, a complexidade do caso e a vulnerabilidade do indivíduo, além da importância da independência dos defensores designados pelo Estado.
The work is structured in three main chapters, each addressing different aspects of legal assistance, with an emphasis on the right to have legal assistance appointed by the state, in accordance with article 14.3(d) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The first chapter provides a historical overview, from the Council of Chalcedon (451), which established legal assistance by clergymen for the needy, to the Rushcliffe Report (1945), which influenced the creation of the Legal Aid and Advice Act, 1949 in England and Wales. The chapter discusses the development of the legal professions in England and the evolution of rules aimed at guaranteeing the right to counsel for those who could not afford to pay for a defence. The second chapter discusses the preparatory work that culminated in the ICCPR. The UK played a central role in the formulation of the right to have legal assistance, proposing the inclusion of conditions such as insufficient means and the interests of justice for the granting of this right. The chapter explores the divergences between the British proposals and those of other countries, such as France and the United States, especially with regard to the scope and gratuitousness of legal assistance. The third chapter analyses the right to state-appointed legal assistance, as provided for in the ICCPR, addressing the relationship between legal aid and legal assistance, the conditions for granting this right, and the assessment of the interests of justice and insufficient means. Criteria such as the gravity of the offence, the complexity of the case and the vulnerability of the individual are discussed, as well as the importance of the independence of state-appointed defenders.
The work is structured in three main chapters, each addressing different aspects of legal assistance, with an emphasis on the right to have legal assistance appointed by the state, in accordance with article 14.3(d) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The first chapter provides a historical overview, from the Council of Chalcedon (451), which established legal assistance by clergymen for the needy, to the Rushcliffe Report (1945), which influenced the creation of the Legal Aid and Advice Act, 1949 in England and Wales. The chapter discusses the development of the legal professions in England and the evolution of rules aimed at guaranteeing the right to counsel for those who could not afford to pay for a defence. The second chapter discusses the preparatory work that culminated in the ICCPR. The UK played a central role in the formulation of the right to have legal assistance, proposing the inclusion of conditions such as insufficient means and the interests of justice for the granting of this right. The chapter explores the divergences between the British proposals and those of other countries, such as France and the United States, especially with regard to the scope and gratuitousness of legal assistance. The third chapter analyses the right to state-appointed legal assistance, as provided for in the ICCPR, addressing the relationship between legal aid and legal assistance, the conditions for granting this right, and the assessment of the interests of justice and insufficient means. Criteria such as the gravity of the offence, the complexity of the case and the vulnerability of the individual are discussed, as well as the importance of the independence of state-appointed defenders.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Direito e Ciência Jurídica, 2025, Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
Assistência jurídica Apoio judiciário Defensoria pública Análise histórica Teses de mestrado - 2025