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Estilos de vinculação e alexitimia : uma revisão sistemática
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Resumo(s)
Contextualização: A alexitimia pode ser definida como uma característica da personalidade caracterizada por uma dificuldade em identificar e verbalizar emoções. A etiologia da alexitimia é desconhecida, no entanto, a evidência científica tem demonstrado uma associação entre a vinculação insegura e a alexitimia.
Objetivo: Determinar a relação existente entre a qualidade da vinculação e a alexitimia. Método: Revisão sistemática através de pesquisa das palavras-chave “attachment” e “alexithymia” em três bases de dados, em março de 2021. Os estudos foram elegíveis se apenas incluíssem indivíduos adultos, acima dos 18 anos, e se realizassem uma avaliação estatística adequada entre o padrão de vinculação dos indivíduos e a presença de alexitimia. Resultados: Foram incluídos 15 estudos, 14 transversais e um longitudinal. Verificou-se uma associação negativa entre o padrão de vinculação seguro e alexitimia e uma associação positiva entre o padrão de vinculação inseguro e alexitimia. Os estudos incluídos não mostraram consenso sobre qual o padrão de vinculação inseguro (ansioso ou evitante) que se encontra mais relacionado com alexitimia. Constatou-se, no entanto, uma associação entre o padrão de vinculação ansioso e a dificuldade na identificação de emoções e uma associação entre o padrão de vinculação evitante e um pensamento orientado para o exterior.
Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem uma relação entre o padrão de vinculação inseguro e a alexitimia. Quanto ao tipo de padrão de vinculação inseguro mais prevalente nos indivíduos com alexitimia, os estudos divergem quanto ao padrão de vinculação que se encontra mais correlacionado. Verificou-se, no entanto, uma relação entre o padrão de vinculação ansioso e uma dificuldade na identificação de emoções e entre uma vinculação evitante e um tipo de pensamento orientado para o exterior. Verificou-se, por fim, uma necessidade de realização de mais estudos longitudinais que abordem esta temática, bem como de de estudos que estejam mais atentos à relação entre cada um dos padrões de vinculação e as diferentes facetas da alexitimia.
Contextualization: Alexithymia can be defined as a personality characteristic described by a difficulty in identifying and communicating feelings. Alexithymia’s aetiology is unknown, but it is known that this attachment style can be a determinant in its development. Objective: Determine the relationship between attachment style and development of alexithymia. Method: Systematic review by searching with the key-words “attachment” and “alexithymia” in three data bases, in march 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported a statistical evaluation between attachment and alexithymia as well as if they only included adult individuals, above 18 years. Results: In this systematic review were included 15 studies, 14 cross sectional and one longitudinal. It was verified a negative correlation between a secure attachment style and alexithymia and a positive correlation between an insecure attachment style and alexithymia. The included studies did not show a consensus in which of the insecure attachment styles (anxious or avoidant) was more correlated with the development of alexithymia. It was verified, though, a correlation between an anxious attachment style and a difficulty in identifying feelings and a relationship between avoidant attachment style and an externally oriented thinking. Conclusion: It was verified a relationship between insecure attachment style and the presence of alexithymia. The studies diverged in which of the insecure attachment style was for correlated more with alexithymia. It was verified, although, a relationship between an anxious attachment style and a difficulty identifying feelings, as well as a relationship between avoiding attachment style and an externally oriented thinking. A necessity of more longitudinal studies was assessed, as well as of more studies correlating attachment style with the different alexithymia characteristics.
Contextualization: Alexithymia can be defined as a personality characteristic described by a difficulty in identifying and communicating feelings. Alexithymia’s aetiology is unknown, but it is known that this attachment style can be a determinant in its development. Objective: Determine the relationship between attachment style and development of alexithymia. Method: Systematic review by searching with the key-words “attachment” and “alexithymia” in three data bases, in march 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported a statistical evaluation between attachment and alexithymia as well as if they only included adult individuals, above 18 years. Results: In this systematic review were included 15 studies, 14 cross sectional and one longitudinal. It was verified a negative correlation between a secure attachment style and alexithymia and a positive correlation between an insecure attachment style and alexithymia. The included studies did not show a consensus in which of the insecure attachment styles (anxious or avoidant) was more correlated with the development of alexithymia. It was verified, though, a correlation between an anxious attachment style and a difficulty in identifying feelings and a relationship between avoidant attachment style and an externally oriented thinking. Conclusion: It was verified a relationship between insecure attachment style and the presence of alexithymia. The studies diverged in which of the insecure attachment style was for correlated more with alexithymia. It was verified, although, a relationship between an anxious attachment style and a difficulty identifying feelings, as well as a relationship between avoiding attachment style and an externally oriented thinking. A necessity of more longitudinal studies was assessed, as well as of more studies correlating attachment style with the different alexithymia characteristics.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021
Palavras-chave
Padrão de vinculação Alexitimia Emoções Saúde mental