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A construção do conhecimento sobre o território europeu: análise da dinâmica de cooperação no programa ESPON
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A política regional europeia tem como objectivo corrigir a diferença entre os níveis de desenvolvimento
das suas regiões, dispondo, para tal, de diversos instrumentos financeiros que permitem
estimular a convergência em relação à média europeia. Este desígnio, outrora focalizado nas
regiões estruturalmente mais desfavorecidas, ganhou amplitude com o reconhecimento do potencial
intrínseco a todos territórios para enfrentar os desafios que se colocam à coesão, à competitividade
e à sustentabilidade. Porém, a eficácia das intervenções tem sido alvo de críticas que
questionam a escassez de sistemas para monitorizar as dinâmicas que influenciam o território
europeu e, por essa via, o debate em futuros processos de financiamento.
Face ao exposto, discute-se qual é o contributo das redes de cooperação inter-regional na construção
do conhecimento sobre o território europeu. Recorre-se, para o efeito, ao exemplo da rede
científica do Programa ESPON (i.e. European Spatial Planning Observation Network) que, durante
o período 2002-2006, desenvolveu 34 projectos de investigação aplicada, conduzindo à formulação
de novos indicadores, tipologias e cenários de desenvolvimento territorial. O estímulo da cooperação
em rede, permitiu o envolvimento do meio académico, sector privado e administração
pública. As evidências promoveram o diálogo e a sensibilização da classe política europeia.
Tendo em conta o teor das actividades desenvolvidas pelo Programa ESPON 2006, procura-se
identificar e compreender o conjunto de relações que moldaram a estrutura da rede de cooperação
e, em função dos resultados obtidos, interpretar os efeitos que emergem desta dinâmica. Recorrese,
para tal, à metodologia interdisciplinar da análise de redes sociais que permite calcular, através
de um conjunto de medidas de centralidade, o posicionamento de cada beneficiário e, desta forma,
identificar os padrões de relacionamento. O caso de estudo é utilizado para comprovar a existência
de parcerias estratégicas que, alegadamente, expõem oportunidades e constrangimentos
na dinâmica de cooperação. Nesta linha de pensamento, averigua-se qual é o efeito produzido no
espaço europeu através dos padrões territoriais de colaboração.
Abstract: The European Union’s regional policy seeks to reduce structural disparities that exist between regions. This goal is achieved in practical terms by means of a variety of financing operations that stimulate convergence in relation to the EU average. Initially focused on strengthening the financial solidarity between the member states, EU’s regional policy is now strongly committed in identifying the territorial potentials of cities, regions and larger territories to foster competitiveness, cohesion and sustainability. However, the effectiveness of such interventions has been subject to criticism by various groups that claim the development of monitoring systems to better understand the dynamics that influence Europeans regions and therefore justify the debate on future funding decisions. Against this background, we discuss the role of interregional cooperation networks aimed at increasing evidence-based knowledge on EU cohesion policy. In order to further explore this approach we use the example of the ESPON Programme (i.e. European Spatial Planning Observation Network) that, over the 2002-2006 funding period, delivered 34 applied research projects leading to new indicators, typologies and scenarios of territorial development. The notion of cooperation at the network level stimulated the involvement of many universities, research institutions, consultancies, and public bodies. The research findings contributed to raise awareness among policy makers on trends, perspectives and policy impacts. In general, ESPON confirmed its research capacity to establish a common platform of scientific knowledge on territorial potentials. Taking into consideration the type of research activities developed by the beneficiaries of the ESPON 2006 Programme, this report focuses on the relational patterns that shaped the structure of the research community. In addition, it investigates the effects that emerged from these activities. With this regard, we employ methods social network analysis to measure the centrality of each beneficiary and therefore identify the main relational patterns. Our case study is used to prove the existence of local strategic partnerships that somehow disclose opportunities and threats on the research network. Base on this exploratory analysis, we also depict the spatial patterns that emerged from those partnerships.
Abstract: The European Union’s regional policy seeks to reduce structural disparities that exist between regions. This goal is achieved in practical terms by means of a variety of financing operations that stimulate convergence in relation to the EU average. Initially focused on strengthening the financial solidarity between the member states, EU’s regional policy is now strongly committed in identifying the territorial potentials of cities, regions and larger territories to foster competitiveness, cohesion and sustainability. However, the effectiveness of such interventions has been subject to criticism by various groups that claim the development of monitoring systems to better understand the dynamics that influence Europeans regions and therefore justify the debate on future funding decisions. Against this background, we discuss the role of interregional cooperation networks aimed at increasing evidence-based knowledge on EU cohesion policy. In order to further explore this approach we use the example of the ESPON Programme (i.e. European Spatial Planning Observation Network) that, over the 2002-2006 funding period, delivered 34 applied research projects leading to new indicators, typologies and scenarios of territorial development. The notion of cooperation at the network level stimulated the involvement of many universities, research institutions, consultancies, and public bodies. The research findings contributed to raise awareness among policy makers on trends, perspectives and policy impacts. In general, ESPON confirmed its research capacity to establish a common platform of scientific knowledge on territorial potentials. Taking into consideration the type of research activities developed by the beneficiaries of the ESPON 2006 Programme, this report focuses on the relational patterns that shaped the structure of the research community. In addition, it investigates the effects that emerged from these activities. With this regard, we employ methods social network analysis to measure the centrality of each beneficiary and therefore identify the main relational patterns. Our case study is used to prove the existence of local strategic partnerships that somehow disclose opportunities and threats on the research network. Base on this exploratory analysis, we also depict the spatial patterns that emerged from those partnerships.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
European Spatial Planning Observation Network Regionalizaçao económica - Países da União Europeia Cooperação internacional - Países da União Europeia Redes sociais - Países da União Europeia