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Sistema político brasileiro no século XXI
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Abstract(s)
O sistema político tem passado por diversas transformações ao longo dos anos. As concepções dos séculos passados não são mais aptas a descrever o atual modelo, principalmente num mundo interconectado e de sociedades hipercomplexas. Desse modo, faz-se necessária a análise e debate sobre o tema, com vista a identificar quais são os novos conceitos e se é possível melhorar o atual sistema político brasileiro. Para tanto neste trabalho procuramos apresentar as bases da formação do Estado de Direito, recorrendo à doutrina
clássica, a exemplo de Maquiavel, Jean Bodin, Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu e Rousseau, que ao longo da história formaram as bases dos sistemas políticos contemporâneos, analisando os elementos formadores do Estado moderno.
Após essa fase propedêutica, investiga-se as bases do constitucionalismo e a viragem no século XX ocorrida para o Neoconstitucionalismo, aproveitando das lições de Dworkin e Alexy com o intuito de observar os critérios de distinção entre regras e princípios e como eles são aplicados nas decisões judiciais, em especial
no cenário brasileiro no qual o protagonismo judiciário tem tomado cada vez mais proporções ativistas perante os outros poderes. Busca-se assim caminhar para que haja segurança jurídica e harmonia entre os poderes, através da observação e análise da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Subsequentemente
adentra-se à parte principal da pesquisa que busca verificar no sistema político brasileiro, sob a perspectiva comparada, possíveis metodologias, técnicas, experiências e alterações que podem ser executadas para promover uma melhora na qualidade democrática brasileira, aproximando o indivíduo de uma concreta participação na vida política.
The political system has gone through several transformations over the years, the past centuries conceptions are not able to describe the model present in the 21st century anymore, especially in an interconnected world and with hyper complex societies. That being said, it is necessary to analyze and debate this subject in order to identify what are the new concepts, and if it is possible to improve the current system. To do that, in this essay we sought to introduce the rule of law formation basis, in which we used legal scholars of many philosophers, such as Machiavelli, Jean Bodin, Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu and Rousseau, who throughout History have contributed to the construction of the present system. After this propaedeutic phase, the foundations of constitutionalism are investigated and the turn in the 20th century towards Neoconstitucionalism, using Dworkin and Alexy lessons to observe the criteria of distinction between rules and principles and how they are applied in judicial decisions, especially in Brazilian scenario in which the judicial role has taken increasingly activists proportions before the other powers. The goal is to make sure that there is legal certainty and harmony between the branches, through observation and analysis of the Federal Supreme Court precedents. Later we approach the main part of this research, that looks up to verify possible methodologies, techniques, experiences and changes that can promote an improvement in the current Brazilian democratic quality, bringing the citizen closer to a concrete participation in political life.
The political system has gone through several transformations over the years, the past centuries conceptions are not able to describe the model present in the 21st century anymore, especially in an interconnected world and with hyper complex societies. That being said, it is necessary to analyze and debate this subject in order to identify what are the new concepts, and if it is possible to improve the current system. To do that, in this essay we sought to introduce the rule of law formation basis, in which we used legal scholars of many philosophers, such as Machiavelli, Jean Bodin, Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu and Rousseau, who throughout History have contributed to the construction of the present system. After this propaedeutic phase, the foundations of constitutionalism are investigated and the turn in the 20th century towards Neoconstitucionalism, using Dworkin and Alexy lessons to observe the criteria of distinction between rules and principles and how they are applied in judicial decisions, especially in Brazilian scenario in which the judicial role has taken increasingly activists proportions before the other powers. The goal is to make sure that there is legal certainty and harmony between the branches, through observation and analysis of the Federal Supreme Court precedents. Later we approach the main part of this research, that looks up to verify possible methodologies, techniques, experiences and changes that can promote an improvement in the current Brazilian democratic quality, bringing the citizen closer to a concrete participation in political life.
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Teoria do Estado Activismo judicial Sistema político Democracia Brasil Teses de mestrado - 2021