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Authors
Abstract(s)
Os animais de companhia ingerem frequentemente objetos que causam obstrução, e que corresponde a uma das causas mais comuns de problemas no trato gastrointestinal necessitando de tratamento cirúrgico. Com este estudo retrospetivo pretendeu-se estudar e caracterizar uma amostra de 32 casos (16 cães e 16 gatos), com um corpo estranho localizado entre o estômago e intestino delgado, quanto à sua idade aquando apresentação, sinais clínicos, tipo e localização do corpo estranho, procedimentos cirúrgicos necessário para a remoção do objeto, dias de hospitalização e complicações desenvolvidas após a cirurgia. Estes casos representaram cerca de 4% dos procedimentos cirúrgicos de um hospital veterinário de referência no período de 13 meses. A idade média aquando apresentação foi de 4,94 anos nos cães e 3.40 anos nos gatos. Os sinais clínicos estavam presentes em 75% dos animais, com os mais comuns sendo de vómito, anorexia, prostração e dor abdominal. A alteração laboratorial analítica mais encontrada foi o aumento do hematócrito e hipocaliémia em 68% e 60% dos animais, respetivamente. Os cães demostraram a ingestão de um maior número de corpos estranhos não lineares (68.8%), enquanto os gatos ingeriram mais frequentemente corpos estranhos lineares (56.2%). Contudo, não se verificou uma relação estatística entre a espécie e o tipo de corpo estranho. A localização do corpo estranho mais prevalente nos cães revelou ser o estômago, com maior número de gastrotomias realizadas (p=0.02), em contraste com os gatos onde o objeto se encontrou mais no jejuno, com necessidade de realização de mais enterotomias neste grupo (p=0.03). Os corpos estranhos lineares necessitaram de maior número de procedimentos cirúrgicos para a sua remoção (p= 0.0005), e os animais ficaram internados durante mais dias, embora esta última variável sem correlação estatística (p=0.16). A taxa de sobrevivência foi de 90.6%, com desenvolvimento de complicações pós cirúrgicas tais como deiscência de sutura, peritonite, perfuração, entre outras, em 37.5% dos cães e 25% dos gatos. Foi encontrada uma relação entre os animais que realizaram um maior número de procedimentos cirúrgicos para resolução da obstrução, e o desenvolvimento de complicações (p=0.03). Apesar do tratamento geralmente mais complexo em corpos estranhos lineares, não se conseguiu demostrar estar associado a um pior desfecho do caso no presente estudo, embora a conformação do objeto seja de facto um fator importante para o maneio do caso
ABSTRACT - Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats: a report of 32 clinical cases - Small animals frequently ingest objects that cause obstruction, which are among the most common causes of gastrointestinal tract problems requiring surgical intervention. This retrospective study aimed to analyze and characterize a sample of 32 cases (16 dogs and 16 cats) with a foreign body located between the stomach and small intestine. The analysis focused on their age at presentation, clinical signs, type and location of the foreign body, surgical procedures required for object removal, hospitalization days, and postoperative complications. These cases represent about 4% of the surgical procedures in a reference veterinary hospital over the period of 13 months. The mean age at presentation was 4.94 years in dogs and 3.40 years in cats. Clinical signs were present in 75% of the animals, with the most common being vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, and abdominal pain. The most common laboratory findings were increased hematocrit and hypokalemia in 68% and 60% of the animals, respectively. Dogs demonstrated ingestion of a higher number of non-linear foreign bodies (68.8%), while cats more frequently ingested linear foreign bodies (56.2%). However, no statistical relationship was found between species and the type of foreign body. The most prevalent location of the foreign body in dogs was the stomach, with a higher number of gastrotomies performed (p=0.02), in contrast to cats where the object was more often found in the jejunum, requiring more enterotomies in this group (p=0.03). Linear foreign bodies required a greater number of surgical procedures for removal (p=0.0005), and animals were hospitalized for more days, although this latter variable lacked statistical correlation (p=0.16). The survival rate was 90.6%, with postoperative complications such as suture dehiscence, peritonitis, perforation, and others, occurring in 37.5% of dogs and 25% of cats. A correlation was found between animals undergoing a greater number of surgical procedures to resolve the obstruction and the development of complications (p=0.03). Despite the generally more complex treatment for linear foreign bodies, this was not associated with a worse outcome in the present study, although the conformation of the object is indeed an important factor in handling the case
ABSTRACT - Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats: a report of 32 clinical cases - Small animals frequently ingest objects that cause obstruction, which are among the most common causes of gastrointestinal tract problems requiring surgical intervention. This retrospective study aimed to analyze and characterize a sample of 32 cases (16 dogs and 16 cats) with a foreign body located between the stomach and small intestine. The analysis focused on their age at presentation, clinical signs, type and location of the foreign body, surgical procedures required for object removal, hospitalization days, and postoperative complications. These cases represent about 4% of the surgical procedures in a reference veterinary hospital over the period of 13 months. The mean age at presentation was 4.94 years in dogs and 3.40 years in cats. Clinical signs were present in 75% of the animals, with the most common being vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, and abdominal pain. The most common laboratory findings were increased hematocrit and hypokalemia in 68% and 60% of the animals, respectively. Dogs demonstrated ingestion of a higher number of non-linear foreign bodies (68.8%), while cats more frequently ingested linear foreign bodies (56.2%). However, no statistical relationship was found between species and the type of foreign body. The most prevalent location of the foreign body in dogs was the stomach, with a higher number of gastrotomies performed (p=0.02), in contrast to cats where the object was more often found in the jejunum, requiring more enterotomies in this group (p=0.03). Linear foreign bodies required a greater number of surgical procedures for removal (p=0.0005), and animals were hospitalized for more days, although this latter variable lacked statistical correlation (p=0.16). The survival rate was 90.6%, with postoperative complications such as suture dehiscence, peritonitis, perforation, and others, occurring in 37.5% of dogs and 25% of cats. A correlation was found between animals undergoing a greater number of surgical procedures to resolve the obstruction and the development of complications (p=0.03). Despite the generally more complex treatment for linear foreign bodies, this was not associated with a worse outcome in the present study, although the conformation of the object is indeed an important factor in handling the case
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Clínica
Keywords
Corpo estranho Cirurgia Gastrointestinal Foreign body Surgery Gastrointestina
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Silva IBN. 2024. Corpos estranhos no trato gastrointestinal de cães e gatos a propósito de 32 casos clínicos [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária