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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho propôs uma discussão em torno da utilização de indicadores de bem-estar
para povos indígenas amparada na abordagem da capacidade de Amartya Sen, com vistas
a compreender quais indicadores se adequam à realidade indígena no Cerrado brasileiro.
Para isso, optou-se pela realização de um estudo de caso com os indígenas Krahô-Kanela
residentes na aldeia Catàmjê (localizada no estado do Tocantins – Brasil). Desta forma,
utilizou-se como base inicial indicadores de bem-estar humano utilizados junto a povos
indígenas da Amazônia, os quais foram submetidos a adequações que consideraram
outras contribuições teóricas sobre o tema, bem como questões atinentes aos direitos
indígenas e ao contexto local. Com vistas à obtenção da perceção de bem-estar indígena,
a primeira etapa do trabalho de campo restringiu-se à realização de entrevistas
semiestruturadas com ênfase no método de pesquisa etnográfica de futuros, que ajudou a
compreender o bem-estar almejado pelos habitantes dessa aldeia. Deste modo, foram
propostas novas capacidades e indicadores para o grupo em estudo, sendo validados pela
comunidade por meio de uma sessão de focus group, que demonstrou efetividade na
garantia da participação coletiva. Assim, esses 30 indicadores vinculados a 8 capacidades
foram aplicados através de entrevistas estruturadas, possibilitando a avaliação do bemestar
indígena da aldeia Catàmjê. Considerando os resultados obtidos, foi possível avaliar
a adequabilidade dos indicadores de bem-estar indígena baseados na abordagem da
capacidade à realidade indígena do Cerrado brasileiro. Salienta-se que a avaliação do
bem-estar indígena realizada por meio da abordagem da capacidade tende a apontar
demandas específicas das comunidades expressas de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa com um alto grau de aprofundamento, possibilitando o fornecimento de dados detalhados
que podem auxiliar a proposição de políticas públicas indigenistas mais eficazes.
This paper proposed a discussion around the use of well-being indicators for indigenous peoples based on the Amartya Sen capability approach, with a view to understanding which indicators are appropriate to the indigenous reality in the Brazilian Cerrado. For this, we chose to conduct a case study with the Krahô-Kanela Indians living in the Catàmjê village (located in the state of Tocantins – Brazil). Thus, we used as an initial basis indicators of human well-being used with indigenous peoples of the Amazon, which were submitted to adjustments that considered other theoretical contributions on the subject, as well as issues related to indigenous rights and the local context. In order to obtain the perception of indigenous well-being, the first stage of the fieldwork was restricted to semi-structured interviews with emphasis on the ethnographic research method of futures, which helped to understand the well-being desired by the inhabitants of this village. Thus, new capabilities and indicators were proposed for the study group, being validated by the community through a focus group session, which demonstrated effectiveness in ensuring collective participation. Thus, these 30 indicators linked to 8 capabilities were applied through structured interviews, enabling the evaluation of the indigenous well-being of the Catàmjê village. Considering the results obtained, it was possible to evaluate the adequacy of the indicators of indigenous well-being based on the capability approach to the indigenous reality of the Brazilian Cerrado. It is noteworthy that the evaluation of indigenous well-being carried out through the capability approach tends to point out specific demands of communities expressed in a quantitative and qualitative way with a high degree of deepening, enabling the provision of detailed data that can help the proposition of more effective indigenist public policies.
This paper proposed a discussion around the use of well-being indicators for indigenous peoples based on the Amartya Sen capability approach, with a view to understanding which indicators are appropriate to the indigenous reality in the Brazilian Cerrado. For this, we chose to conduct a case study with the Krahô-Kanela Indians living in the Catàmjê village (located in the state of Tocantins – Brazil). Thus, we used as an initial basis indicators of human well-being used with indigenous peoples of the Amazon, which were submitted to adjustments that considered other theoretical contributions on the subject, as well as issues related to indigenous rights and the local context. In order to obtain the perception of indigenous well-being, the first stage of the fieldwork was restricted to semi-structured interviews with emphasis on the ethnographic research method of futures, which helped to understand the well-being desired by the inhabitants of this village. Thus, new capabilities and indicators were proposed for the study group, being validated by the community through a focus group session, which demonstrated effectiveness in ensuring collective participation. Thus, these 30 indicators linked to 8 capabilities were applied through structured interviews, enabling the evaluation of the indigenous well-being of the Catàmjê village. Considering the results obtained, it was possible to evaluate the adequacy of the indicators of indigenous well-being based on the capability approach to the indigenous reality of the Brazilian Cerrado. It is noteworthy that the evaluation of indigenous well-being carried out through the capability approach tends to point out specific demands of communities expressed in a quantitative and qualitative way with a high degree of deepening, enabling the provision of detailed data that can help the proposition of more effective indigenist public policies.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Política Social
Keywords
Indicadores de Bem-estar Humano; Abordagem da Capacidade; Povos Indígenas; Krahô-Kanela; Cerrado Brasileiro; Human Well-being Indicators; Capability Approach; Indigenous Peoples; Krahô-Kanela; Brazilian Cerrado.