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Risk factors for infectious diseases recorded in cats attending a Veterinary Teaching Hospital Isolation Unit in Portugal
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A Unidade de Isolamento e Contenção Biológica (UICB), admite pacientes com suspeita ou confirmação de doença infeciosa. No período de 2013 a 2020, 788 gatos foram hospitalizados, dos quais 405 obtiveram confirmação de doença infeciosa. Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar a população hospitalizada, identificar as doenças infeciosas mais comuns e nesta população efetuar um estudo caso-controlo para identificar possíveis fatores de risco. A informação obtida foi recolhida do sistema informático no dia de admissão, incluindo raça, sexo, castração, idade, estilo de vida, presença de animais coabitantes, vacinação, desordens concomitantes, entre outras. As principais doenças infeciosas encontradas foram infeções por Retrovírus (48.3%), Doença do Trato Respiratório Superior Felino (DTRSF) (19.9%) e Panleucopénia (14.4%). Para uma melhor análise, os pacientes com Retrovírus foram divididos em infeção pelo vírus da Leucemia Felina (FeLV) e pelo vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina (FIV). Inicialmente, para o estudo de caso-controlo, foi feita uma análise simples de regressão logística. Todas as variáveis que apresentaram um p-value ≤ 0.20 foram incluídas no modelo múltiplo. Analisando a população infetada por FeLV observou-se que gatos entre 2 e 9 anos (OR=2.5; CI95%=1.4-4.4), domésticos (OR=4.8; CI95%=1.4-18.6), inteiros (OR=1.9; CI95%=1.0- 3.4) e com afeções/doenças concomitantes (OR=2.5; CI95%=1.5-4.8) demonstraram um maior risco de serem hospitalizados (p-value <0.05). Para o FIV, gatos domésticos (OR=4.7; CI95%=1.3-30.2), machos (OR=1.9; CI95%=1.1-3.2), entre 2 e 9 anos (OR=3.8; CI95%=1.7-9.4) e ≥10 anos (OR=3.0; CI95%=1.3-7.9), com afeções/doenças concomitantes (OR=2.7; CI95%=1.5- 4.8) tiveram também um maior risco de serem hospitalizados (p-value <0.05). Relativamente aos pacientes infetados com DTRSF apenas gatos inteiros (OR=3.0; CI95%=1.6-5.8) e com coabitantes (OR=2.5; CI95%=1.4-4.6) apresentaram maior risco de serem hospitalizados (p-value <0.05). Finalmente, para os pacientes infetados com vírus da Panleucopénia, ausência de uma vacinação correta (OR=50.5; CI9 5%=11.8- 373.1), sem afeções/doenças concomitantes (OR=7.3; CI95%=2.8-21.0), gatos com <2 anos (OR= 85.0; CI95%=13.1, 1751.1) e entre 2 e 9 anos (OR=10.7; CI95%= 1.7-211.3) tinham um maior risco de serem hospitalizados na UICB (p-value <0.05). Em conclusão, vários parâmetros na vida de um gato foram comprovados como fatores de risco em concordância com a literatura e o quão importante é prevenirmos estas situações.
ABSTRACT - Risk factors for infectious diseases recorded in cats attending a Veterinary Teaching Hospital Isolation Unit in Portugal - The Biological Isolation and Containment Unit (BICU) admits patients with the suspicion or confirmation of an infectious disease. Between 2013 and 2020, 788 cats were admitted, in which 405 cats had an infectious disease. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the infected population, identify the most frequent infectious diseases and then assembly a case-control study within this population to find possible risk factors. Information about cases and controls were collected from the hospital’s information system on the day of admission, including breed, gender, neuter status, age, lifestyle, cohabitants, vaccination status, concomitant disorders, and others. The principal infectious diseases recorded at the BICU were Retrovirus (48.3%), Upper Respiratory Tract Disease (19.9%) and Panleukopenia (14.4%). Retrovirus was divided into Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) for a better analysis. For the case-control study, a simple logistic regression analysis was assessed for each variable. All variables with a p-value ≤0.20 were included in a multiple regression model for each disease. Regarding FeLV infected patients, cats aged 2 to 9 years (OR=2.5; CI95%=1.4-4.4), domestic (OR=4.8; CI95%=1.4-18.6), intact (OR=1.9; CI95%=1.0-3.4), presenting concomitant disorders/diseases (OR=2.5; CI95%=1.5-4.8), had a higher risk of being hospitalized (p-values <0.05). Concerning the patients with FIV, domestic cats (OR=4.7; CI95%=1.3-30.2), males (OR=1.9; CI95%=1.1-3.2), cats aged 2 to 9 years (OR=3.8; CI95%=1.7-9.4) and ≥10 years old (OR=3.0; CI95%=1.3-7.9), presenting concomitant disorders/diseases (OR=2.7; CI95%=1.5-4.8), had a higher risk of being hospitalized (p-values <0.05). For URTD infected patients, only intact cats (OR=3.0; CI95%=1.6-5.8) and living with cohabitants (OR=2.5; CI95%=1.4-4.6) had a higher risk of being hospitalized. Finally, for the patients with the Panleukopenia virus, absence of correct vaccination (OR=50.5; CI95%=11.8- 373.1), without concomitant disorders/diseases (OR=7.3; CI95%=2.8- 21.0), cats aged <2 years old (OR= 85.0; CI95%=13.1, 1751.1) and aged 2 to 9 years (OR=10.7; CI95%= 1.7-211.3), had a higher risk of getting hospitalized at the BICU (p-values <0.5). In conclusion, several aspects in a cat’s life were proved to be risk factors, agreeing with the literature and how important is to be watchful of these situations.
ABSTRACT - Risk factors for infectious diseases recorded in cats attending a Veterinary Teaching Hospital Isolation Unit in Portugal - The Biological Isolation and Containment Unit (BICU) admits patients with the suspicion or confirmation of an infectious disease. Between 2013 and 2020, 788 cats were admitted, in which 405 cats had an infectious disease. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the infected population, identify the most frequent infectious diseases and then assembly a case-control study within this population to find possible risk factors. Information about cases and controls were collected from the hospital’s information system on the day of admission, including breed, gender, neuter status, age, lifestyle, cohabitants, vaccination status, concomitant disorders, and others. The principal infectious diseases recorded at the BICU were Retrovirus (48.3%), Upper Respiratory Tract Disease (19.9%) and Panleukopenia (14.4%). Retrovirus was divided into Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) for a better analysis. For the case-control study, a simple logistic regression analysis was assessed for each variable. All variables with a p-value ≤0.20 were included in a multiple regression model for each disease. Regarding FeLV infected patients, cats aged 2 to 9 years (OR=2.5; CI95%=1.4-4.4), domestic (OR=4.8; CI95%=1.4-18.6), intact (OR=1.9; CI95%=1.0-3.4), presenting concomitant disorders/diseases (OR=2.5; CI95%=1.5-4.8), had a higher risk of being hospitalized (p-values <0.05). Concerning the patients with FIV, domestic cats (OR=4.7; CI95%=1.3-30.2), males (OR=1.9; CI95%=1.1-3.2), cats aged 2 to 9 years (OR=3.8; CI95%=1.7-9.4) and ≥10 years old (OR=3.0; CI95%=1.3-7.9), presenting concomitant disorders/diseases (OR=2.7; CI95%=1.5-4.8), had a higher risk of being hospitalized (p-values <0.05). For URTD infected patients, only intact cats (OR=3.0; CI95%=1.6-5.8) and living with cohabitants (OR=2.5; CI95%=1.4-4.6) had a higher risk of being hospitalized. Finally, for the patients with the Panleukopenia virus, absence of correct vaccination (OR=50.5; CI95%=11.8- 373.1), without concomitant disorders/diseases (OR=7.3; CI95%=2.8- 21.0), cats aged <2 years old (OR= 85.0; CI95%=13.1, 1751.1) and aged 2 to 9 years (OR=10.7; CI95%= 1.7-211.3), had a higher risk of getting hospitalized at the BICU (p-values <0.5). In conclusion, several aspects in a cat’s life were proved to be risk factors, agreeing with the literature and how important is to be watchful of these situations.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Fatores de risco Doenças Infeciosas Gatos Epidemiologia Controlo Biológico Risk Factors Infectious Diseases Cat Epidemiology Biological Control
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Maximino MM 2021. Risk factors for infectious diseases recorded in cats attending a Veterinary Teaching Hospital Isolation Unit in Portugal [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária