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A crença no afeto feminino como imperativo do trabalho docente, em casa e na escola
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Considerando o sistema de géneros como decorrência de um processo social e histórico, e a
divisão sexual do trabalho (Kergoat, 2000) como fator fundamental para as configurações
familiares atuais, este estudo dedica-se a analisar a distribuição de tarefas domésticas e de
cuidado entre os adultos de um mesmo núcleo familiar. Dando destaque à forma como o trabalho
doméstico e de cuidados, historicamente relegado exclusivamente às mulheres, articulou-se
gradativamente com a esfera da educação de crianças e jovens, em casa ou na escola,
estabelecendo uma feminização do dever de desenvolver e cuidar do outro.
Na busca de respostas às questões propostas inicialmente pelo estudo, foi desenvolvida uma
investigação que contou, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, com a aplicação de questionários e
entrevistas a pais e mães residentes em Portugal. Os questionários foram divulgados por redes
sociais e os dados recolhidos foram complementados por entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma
amostra menor de respondentes.
As conclusões da investigação apontam para uma acentuada assimetria da distribuição das
tarefas domésticas e de cuidado, que ainda hoje desfavorece e sobrecarrega as mulheres. Os
dados recolhidos mostram, por exemplo, que recaiu à 93% das mães exclusivamente a função de
supervisionar a agenda e as aulas remotas dos filhos durante os períodos de aulas em casa após o
fechamento das escolas. Os relatos revelam ainda que, apesar de ter havido uma redistribuição na
divisão de tarefas domésticas entre os adultos e as crianças em casa, para as mulheres, esta
sobrecarga de trabalho intensificou-se nos períodos de confinamento. Antes do fechamento das
escolas, 85% das mães afirmou ter sido exclusivamente responsável pelo contacto com os
professores dos seus filhos. Após o fechamento das escolas, este número sobe para 90%.
Considering the gender system as the result of a social and historical process, and the sexual division of labor (Kergoat, 2000) as a fundamental factor for current family configurations, this study is dedicated to analyzing the distribution of domestic and caregiving tasks among the adults in the same family nucleus. Emphasizing the way in which domestic and care work, which is historically relegated exclusively to women, has gradually become linked to the sphere of the education of children and young people, at home or at school, establishing a feminization of the duty of caring for others. To answer the questions initially proposed by the study, the investigation, in addition to the bibliographic research, counted on the application of questionnaires and interviews to parents living in Portugal. The questionnaires were shared through social media platforms, and the data collected was complemented by semi-structured interviews with a smaller sample of participants. The conclusions point to a significant asymmetry in the distribution of household and care tasks that still disadvantages women to this day. The data collected shows, for example, that 93% of mothers were exclusively responsible for supervising their children's schedule and remote classes, after school closures. The data also reveals that, although there was a redistribution in the division of domestic tasks between adults and children at home, for women, this work overload intensified during periods of confinement. Before schools closed, 85% of mothers claimed to have been solely responsible for contacting their children's teachers. After schools closures, this number rises to 90%.
Considering the gender system as the result of a social and historical process, and the sexual division of labor (Kergoat, 2000) as a fundamental factor for current family configurations, this study is dedicated to analyzing the distribution of domestic and caregiving tasks among the adults in the same family nucleus. Emphasizing the way in which domestic and care work, which is historically relegated exclusively to women, has gradually become linked to the sphere of the education of children and young people, at home or at school, establishing a feminization of the duty of caring for others. To answer the questions initially proposed by the study, the investigation, in addition to the bibliographic research, counted on the application of questionnaires and interviews to parents living in Portugal. The questionnaires were shared through social media platforms, and the data collected was complemented by semi-structured interviews with a smaller sample of participants. The conclusions point to a significant asymmetry in the distribution of household and care tasks that still disadvantages women to this day. The data collected shows, for example, that 93% of mothers were exclusively responsible for supervising their children's schedule and remote classes, after school closures. The data also reveals that, although there was a redistribution in the division of domestic tasks between adults and children at home, for women, this work overload intensified during periods of confinement. Before schools closed, 85% of mothers claimed to have been solely responsible for contacting their children's teachers. After schools closures, this number rises to 90%.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado, Educação (Área de Especialidade em Formação e Desenvolvimento Pessoal), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2022
Palavras-chave
Trabalho-família Educação das crianças Papéis sexuais Género Mulher Pandemia Teses de mestrado - 2022