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Importância da alimentação para o desenvolvimento de uma vida saudável : um estudo com alunos do 6º ano do 2º C.E.B.
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A alimentação é um tema de interesse universal e fundamental para o salutar desenvolvimento humano. Talvez por isso assiste-se nos meios de comunicação social, em particular nas redes sociais, frequentemente acedidas pelos jovens, a um crescendo de conteúdos sobre aspetos relacionados com a alimentação como dietas, conselhos, tratamentos, medicamentos e produtos vários de proveniência duvidosa sob o ponto de vista científico. Tais conteúdos, muitas vezes, podem ser considerados como casos de pseudociência pelo que é importante no contexto da promoção da cultura científica, questioná-los face aos princípios de alimentação saudável baseados no conhecimento científico.
É condição imprescindível que seja variada, equilibrada e completa, de forma a fornecer ao organismo todos os nutrientes necessários ao saudável desenvolvimento do corpo, sobretudo, em fases de acelerado crescimento. O adolescente encontra-se numa dessas fases de desenvolvimento, tanto ao nível de estrutura óssea como muscular e até mesmo de maturação do sistema reprodutor, os quais poderão vir a sofrer alguns constrangimentos na prossecução das etapas fundamentais para atingir o seu auge na fase adulta.
Assumindo que a Escola como contexto educativo formal tem um papel essencial na promoção de uma cultura científica enunciou-se o seguinte problema: Como promover, na comunidade escolar, o reconhecimento da importância da alimentação para o desenvolvimento de uma vida saudável? Aplicou-se um questionário a 28 alunos e 20 alunas que constituíam duas turmas do 6.º ano do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico de uma escola pública. Para detetar a evolução da aplicação da metodologia de projeto, conforme a concretização de uma planificação didática foi aplicado um primeiro questionário no início do primeiro período e novamente o mesmo questionário no final do terceiro período.
A análise de dados permitiu aferir que a maioria dos discentes de ambos os sexos evoluíram positivamente, no que concerne às conceções relacionadas com a importância concedida à alimentação, por via da Dieta Mediterrânica. Ao longo da investigação foi detetada uma responsabilização e alteração de grande parte das suas atitudes e tomada de consciência dos benefícios que a realização de uma alimentação saudável lhes fornece para conceder um pleno desenvolvimento do organismo humano com implicações no bem-estar de cada pessoa.
No entanto, quando nos debruçamos na proatividade de cada sexo, verifica-se que as alunas se preocupam mais em tornar a alimentação mais saudável e se empenham de uma forma mais evidente na divulgação científica.
Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se detetar que todos os intervenientes da amostra gostaram das estratégias seguidas segundo o método de projeto para ampliar os seus conhecimentos e divulgar esta temática, tanto aos seus pares como à comunidade, os quais apreciaram bastante esta dinâmica de comunicação para melhorar as atitudes face a um tema tão relevante.
Este estudo foi bastante profícuo no que concerne à importância da utilização desta metodologia para ampliar a literacia científica quanto ao desenvolvimento de competências e atitudes do cidadão ativo, como também para a promoção de uma cultura científica na comunidade escolar.
Food is a theme of universal interest and fundamental for healthy human development. Perhaps this is why the media, particularly the social networks often accessed by young people, are seeing a growing body of content on dietary aspects such as diets, advice, treatments, medicines and various products of dubious origin under the scientific point of view. Such contents can often be considered as cases of pseudoscience so it is important in the context of the promotion of scientific culture to question them in the light of the principles of healthy eating based on scientific knowledge. It is an indispensable condition that is varied, balanced and complete, in order to provide the body with all the nutrients necessary for the healthy development of the body, especially in phases of accelerated growth. The adolescent is in one of these developmental stages, both in terms of bone structure, muscle and even maturation of the reproductive system, which may suffer some embarrassment in the pursuit of the key steps to reach its peak in adulthood. Assuming that the school as a formal educational context plays an essential role in promoting a scientific culture, the following problem was raised: How to promote, in the school community, the recognition of the importance of food for the development of a healthy life? A questionnaire was applied to 28 students and 20 students who constituted two classes of the 6th grade of the 2nd cycle of basic education of a public school. To detect the evolution of the application of the project methodology, as a didactic planning was carried out, a first questionnaire was applied at the beginning of the first period and again the same questionnaire at the end of the third period. Data analysis showed that most students of both sexes evolved positively, regarding the conceptions related to the importance given to food, through the Mediterranean Diet. Throughout the investigation, many of their attitudes have been blamed and changed, and their awareness of the benefits that healthy eating provides to them to fully develop the human organism with implications for the well-being of each person. However, when we focus on the proactivity of each sex, it is found that students are more concerned with making healthier eating and are more clearly engaged in scientific dissemination. From the results obtained, it can be detected that all the participants of the sample liked the strategies followed according to the project method to broaden their knowledge and spread this theme, both to their peers and to the community, who appreciated this communication dynamic to improve attitudes towards such a relevant topic. This study was very fruitful regarding the importance of using this methodology to expand scientific literacy regarding the development of skills and attitudes of the active citizen, as well as for the promotion of a scientific culture in the school community.
Food is a theme of universal interest and fundamental for healthy human development. Perhaps this is why the media, particularly the social networks often accessed by young people, are seeing a growing body of content on dietary aspects such as diets, advice, treatments, medicines and various products of dubious origin under the scientific point of view. Such contents can often be considered as cases of pseudoscience so it is important in the context of the promotion of scientific culture to question them in the light of the principles of healthy eating based on scientific knowledge. It is an indispensable condition that is varied, balanced and complete, in order to provide the body with all the nutrients necessary for the healthy development of the body, especially in phases of accelerated growth. The adolescent is in one of these developmental stages, both in terms of bone structure, muscle and even maturation of the reproductive system, which may suffer some embarrassment in the pursuit of the key steps to reach its peak in adulthood. Assuming that the school as a formal educational context plays an essential role in promoting a scientific culture, the following problem was raised: How to promote, in the school community, the recognition of the importance of food for the development of a healthy life? A questionnaire was applied to 28 students and 20 students who constituted two classes of the 6th grade of the 2nd cycle of basic education of a public school. To detect the evolution of the application of the project methodology, as a didactic planning was carried out, a first questionnaire was applied at the beginning of the first period and again the same questionnaire at the end of the third period. Data analysis showed that most students of both sexes evolved positively, regarding the conceptions related to the importance given to food, through the Mediterranean Diet. Throughout the investigation, many of their attitudes have been blamed and changed, and their awareness of the benefits that healthy eating provides to them to fully develop the human organism with implications for the well-being of each person. However, when we focus on the proactivity of each sex, it is found that students are more concerned with making healthier eating and are more clearly engaged in scientific dissemination. From the results obtained, it can be detected that all the participants of the sample liked the strategies followed according to the project method to broaden their knowledge and spread this theme, both to their peers and to the community, who appreciated this communication dynamic to improve attitudes towards such a relevant topic. This study was very fruitful regarding the importance of using this methodology to expand scientific literacy regarding the development of skills and attitudes of the active citizen, as well as for the promotion of a scientific culture in the school community.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Mestrado em Cultura Científica e Divulgação das Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2019
Palavras-chave
Alimentação Dieta mediterrânica Cultura científica Comunicação Teses de mestrado - 2019