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O treino das destrezas percetivo-motoras na vela : proposta metodológica
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Segundo autores que se dedicam a estudar e escrever sobre a vela do ponto de vista científico, o número de fatores que podem influenciar o desempenho de um velejador, faz da vela um desporto complexo e multifactorial. No entanto, indicam valiosos campos de investigação por explorar sobre as capacidades, de perceber e agir em um contexto puramente dinâmico, cujas forças naturais, muitas vezes imprevisíveis, requerem do velejador, para além de boa forma física, uma perceção apurada para aproveitar as oportunidades que o meio oferece. Perante este panorama, fizemos uma revisão fundamentada nos princípios e conceitos da Psicologia Ecológica com alguns apontamentos em contraste á escola cognitivista, passando posteriormente, por referências mais técnicas que abordam a respeito das competências e destrezas percetivo cognitivas em estudos experimentais no âmbito da vela, para compreender como um velejador acopla a perceção na ação, e como incorpora suas tomadas de decisão e comportamento motor na resolução de problemas. Verificou-se a existência de sistemas dinâmicos em fases críticas da regata, caracterizados por fenómenos funcionais de acoplamento, sinergia, auto-organização e recolha de informação. Pelo qual, justificamos a pertinência da construção e apresentação de um processo de treino representativo que enfatize séries espaço temporais determinantes para o resultado.
According to authors dedicated to studying and writing about sailing from a scientific point of view, the number of factors that can influence a sailor's performance makes sailing a complex and multilateral sport. However, they indicate valuable fields of unexplored research on the capabilities, to perceive and act in a purely dynamic context, whose natural forces, often unpredictable, require from the sailor, in addition to being physically fit, an accurate perception to take advantage of opportunities. that the medium offers. In view of this panorama, we carried out a review based on the principles and concepts of Ecological Psychology with some notes in contrast to the cognitivist school, later going through more technical references that address cognitive perceptual skills and abilities in experimental studies in the field of sailing, to understand how a sailor couples perception to action, and how he incorporates his decision making and motor behavior into problem solving. It was verified the existence of dynamic systems in critical phases of the regatta, characterized by functional phenomena of coupling, synergy, self-organization and collection of information. Therefore, we justify the relevance of the construction and presentation of a representative training process that emphasizes spatio-temporal series that are decisive for the result.
According to authors dedicated to studying and writing about sailing from a scientific point of view, the number of factors that can influence a sailor's performance makes sailing a complex and multilateral sport. However, they indicate valuable fields of unexplored research on the capabilities, to perceive and act in a purely dynamic context, whose natural forces, often unpredictable, require from the sailor, in addition to being physically fit, an accurate perception to take advantage of opportunities. that the medium offers. In view of this panorama, we carried out a review based on the principles and concepts of Ecological Psychology with some notes in contrast to the cognitivist school, later going through more technical references that address cognitive perceptual skills and abilities in experimental studies in the field of sailing, to understand how a sailor couples perception to action, and how he incorporates his decision making and motor behavior into problem solving. It was verified the existence of dynamic systems in critical phases of the regatta, characterized by functional phenomena of coupling, synergy, self-organization and collection of information. Therefore, we justify the relevance of the construction and presentation of a representative training process that emphasizes spatio-temporal series that are decisive for the result.
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Vela Foco visual Destrezas percetivas motoras Perceção Acoplamento Tarefas representativas Fatores do envolvimento Co-adaptação Auto-organização Processo de treino Sailing Visual focus Perceptual motor skills Perception Coupling Representative tasks Involvement factors Co-adaptation Self-organization Training process