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Design and testing of a rear wing for a Formula Student car
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Formula Student teams go to extreme lengths to develop their aerodynamic packages, as it is
a key factor to enhance car performance. The yearly objectives for the aerodynamic department
are usually supplied by the vehicle dynamics department through lap time simulations. However,
these usually are not capable of relating car attitude to aerodynamic performance and do not
assume any relation between the aerodynamic coefficients.
A simple aerodynamic model relating the lift coefficient to the drag coefficient and mass
was added to the point mass simulator from the FST Lisboa vehicle dynamics department, to
estimate the ideal aerodynamic coefficients and maximize vehicle performance for the current
car design.
By applying the results from the upgraded point mass simulator, a maximum theoretical
lift, drag and mass were obtained. Through these results, a new rear wing concept, based
on using airfoils as endplates was adopted, in order to create a design that would suit the new
aerodynamic targets. Initially a low drag design was tested, however, preliminary results showed
that due to high car mass it was not a viable design choice to follow. The final choice was to
develop a high downforce rear wing.
The resulting design was then validated using IST’s aeroacoustic wind tunnel, to assess its
on-track performance. During this test, the aerodynamic forces applied on the whole vehicle
were measured. A qualitative analysis of the results showed that the numerical simulations
captured the experimental trends. Wool tufts were used as a flow visualization technique, these
showed some discrepancies between the CFD simulations and experimental results, which were
attributed to the simplifications made in both the numerical and experimental models.
The implementation of the new aerodynamic model proved effective, as a design which
yielded increase performance was obtained. Correlation between the CFD and on-track results
is still limited due to modelling limitations in both experimental and numerical domains.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia Física, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Formula Student Performance Aerodinâmica CFD Túnel de Vento Validação Teses de mestrado - 2023