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Lei cigana : A matriz normativa da população portuguesa cigana : Um exemplo de pluralismo normativo
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Lei cigana é considerado o conjunto de regras e normas paralelo ao direito oficial, que serve para reger a vida familiar e social da população portuguesa cigana, sendo apenas valido no seio desta população. Perante uma situação de conflito entre os seus elementos, é necessário “Chamar as leis”, o que significa que deverá ser solicitada a intervenção de determinados elementos da população cigana a quem é reconhecida autoridade para resolverem as contendas, de acordo com a lei cigana. Uma ordem normativa de transmissão oral e independente do direito oficial que nem sempre está em consonância com este.
Ora, esta investigação tem o objetivo de, por um lado, conhecer e compreender o código normativo que regula a atividade social da população portuguesa cigana e, por outro, compreender as dinâmicas de produção, reprodução e mudança desta ordem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que cruza as abordagens teóricas no domínio da sociologia do direito com os estudos ciganos, na medida em que procura compreender a normatividade cigana à luz da sociologia do direito.
Uma abordagem etnográfica impôs-se como a estratégia metodológica mais adequada na medida em que permitiu um aprofundamento na compreensão do objeto de estudo capaz de trazer novas dimensões e entendimentos sobre a realidade observada. Uma abordagem à escala nacional, que se socorreu de uma triangulação metodológica, composta por observação participante, entrevistas compreensivas e análise de conflitos. Deste modo, a pesquisa permitiu colocar a descoberto uma lei una, que assume diferentes práticas e entendimentos, reflexo da diversidade interna da população portuguesa cigana e de uma pluralidade de fatores que interagem entre si, cuja combinação alimenta processos de mudança social com diferentes ritmos.
Roma law is considered the set of rules and norms parallel to official law, which serves to govern the family and social life of the Portuguese Roma population. This law is only valid for this specific population. When faced with a situation of conflict between people, it is necessary to “call the laws”, which means that the intervention of certain authoritative figures in the Roma population must be requested due to the recognition of the authority that they have to settle disputes in accordance with Roma law. It is important to note that the normative order issued under Roma law is by oral transmission and is independent of official law and can sometimes be contrary to it. This investigation has the objective to, on the one hand, know and understand the normative code that regulates the social activity of the Portuguese Roma population and, on the other hand, to understand the dynamics of production, reproduction and changes that have affected this order. It is a research that crosses the theoretical approaches between the field of the sociology of law and Roma studies, insofar as it seeks to understand the Roma normativity in the light of the sociology of law. An ethnographic approach was identified as the most appropriate methodological strategy, as it allowed a deeper understanding of the object of study, capable of bringing new dimensions and understandings of the observed reality. This approach was used on a national scale, which relied on a methodological triangulation, composed of participant observation, comprehensive interviews and conflict analysis. In this way, the research allowed to uncover a single law, which assumes different practices and understandings, reflecting the internal diversity of the Portuguese Roma population and a plurality of factors that interact with each other, whose combination allows for processes of social change with different rhythms
Roma law is considered the set of rules and norms parallel to official law, which serves to govern the family and social life of the Portuguese Roma population. This law is only valid for this specific population. When faced with a situation of conflict between people, it is necessary to “call the laws”, which means that the intervention of certain authoritative figures in the Roma population must be requested due to the recognition of the authority that they have to settle disputes in accordance with Roma law. It is important to note that the normative order issued under Roma law is by oral transmission and is independent of official law and can sometimes be contrary to it. This investigation has the objective to, on the one hand, know and understand the normative code that regulates the social activity of the Portuguese Roma population and, on the other hand, to understand the dynamics of production, reproduction and changes that have affected this order. It is a research that crosses the theoretical approaches between the field of the sociology of law and Roma studies, insofar as it seeks to understand the Roma normativity in the light of the sociology of law. An ethnographic approach was identified as the most appropriate methodological strategy, as it allowed a deeper understanding of the object of study, capable of bringing new dimensions and understandings of the observed reality. This approach was used on a national scale, which relied on a methodological triangulation, composed of participant observation, comprehensive interviews and conflict analysis. In this way, the research allowed to uncover a single law, which assumes different practices and understandings, reflecting the internal diversity of the Portuguese Roma population and a plurality of factors that interact with each other, whose combination allows for processes of social change with different rhythms
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Palavras-chave
lei cigana normatividade mudança social diversidade roma law normativity social change diversity