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Os estuques do Palácio de Monserrate: 10 anos de limpeza sem biocidas
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Microbiological contamination is one of the main problems of plaster sculpture. It affects not only the conservation and preservation of cultural heritage, but also affects the environment of the museum or collection. This contamination, known as black spots or mold, results from the hygroscopic ability of the plaster. Such phenomenon consists of the absorption of water, existing in the atmosphere, that this material makes in its gas exchanges, through its pores. Thus, if the plaster is not in the necessary conditions to carry out its gas exchanges, in which it expels the water it has absorbed, the appearance of these beings (fungi) is enhanced. These beings develop in different types of habitats as long as they are abundant in humidity, an element mentioned above, and in organic matter. Gypsum serves as food, as they produce an enzyme, which helps them to digest this matter, deteriorating it. In this way, these parasites cause major structural physical-mechanical changes in the sculptures in addition to the aesthetic damage. This study aims to cross-check results obtained in case studies, such as, for example, in the Ruins of Santo Domingo, and what is the reality of a conservation and restoration intervention nowadays, in which biocides were used to eliminate microorganisms under chromatic films / varnishes, and interventions without the use of chemicals for this purpose, carried out for 10 years by the Professional School for the Recovery of the Heritage of Sintra, in the palace of Monserrate. Therefore, with this practical work it is intended to prove that it is possible to use low toxicity solutions and, even so, return the plasters to their normal state, stabilizing the infestation. This state can still be maintained if we apply the Preventive Conservation guidelines directed to the place of exhibition or storage of the works, which, in this study, was designed and studied taking into account the environment of the Monserrate Palace, in Sintra.
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Palácio de Monserrate (Sintra, Portugal) Escola Profissional de Recuperação do Património de Sintra Microorganismos Estuques Gessos Biocidas Conservação preventiva Estudos de caso