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Abstract(s)
Através de uma análise prévia de casos de infanticídio – homicídio do recém-nascido pela mãe – concluímos que a sua maioria ocorre imediatamente após dar à luz, nas formas mais comuns por asfixia, estrangulamento ou esfaqueamento. Assim, entende a jurisprudência dos nossos tribunais que essas situações não preenchem o crime de infanticídio do artigo 136º, por ao tempo da prática do facto ainda não se fazerem sentir os efeitos de dar à luz, não integrando, assim, o conceito de “influência perturbadora do parto”, pressuposto pela norma. Tendo em conta esse panorama de desprezo pela norma, o objectivo da pressente dissertação consiste na investigação de perturbações psicológicas que tenham início na fase de gestação – entre elas, a negação da gravidez (psicótica e não psicótica) e a ocultação da gravidez – e daquelas que só se desenvolvem após o parto – entre elas, a depressão pós-parto e a psicose puerperal. Para uma análise correcta de tais perturbações, de forma a compreender os motivos que levam à prática do ilícito, recorremos a artigos de base científica, com incidência na mente do Ser Humano, de forma a analisar se essas perturbações se poderão incluir no conceito de “influência perturbadora do parto” que fundamenta o estado de imputabilidade diminuída, pressuposto pelo tipo legal. Concluímos que nem todas as perturbações que surgem na gravidez e no pós-parto são susceptíveis de enquadrar o tipo legal, por falta de conexão com o momento do parto, exigida pelo artigo. Da análise da jurisprudência concluímos que o tipo legal não tem aplicação nos tribunais, podendo esse facto estar na base de uma discriminação de género, tendo em conta que o tribunal atende a estereótipos acerca do papel da mulher, dirigindo-lhes uma maior censura por romperem com o tradicional papel da maternidade. Essa discriminação poderá consistir numa violação a nível internacional dos Direitos das Mulheres.
Through a previous analysis of infanticide cases - homicide of the new-born by the mother - we conclude that most of them occur immediately after giving birth, in the most common forms by asphyxia, strangulation or stabbing. Thus, it is clear from the case-law of our courts that these situations are not liable to fall within the scope of the infanticide crime under Article 136º, since the effects of giving birth are not yet felt and therefore do not incorporate the concept of "disturbing influence of childbirth”, presupposed by the norm. Considering this landscape of disregard for the norm, the purpose of the present dissertation is the investigation of psychological disorders that begin in the gestation phase - among them, the denial of pregnancy (psychotic and nonpsychotic) and concealment of pregnancy -, and of those that only develop after childbirth - among them, postpartum depression and puerperal psychosis. To properly analyse such disorders, by understanding the motives that lead to the practice of the illicit, we resort to scientifically based articles that study the mind of the Human Being, to analyse whether these disorders can be included in the concept of "disturbing influence of childbirth", which underlies the diminished criminal responsibility status, presupposed by the legal type. We conclude that not all disorders that arise in pregnancy and postpartum are likely to fit the legal type, due to lack of connection with the moment of delivery, required by the law. From the analysis of the case-law, we conclude that the courts do not apply this legal type, which may be the basis of gender discrimination, given that the courts attend to stereotypes about the role of women, by leading to greater censorship for breaking with the traditional role of motherhood. Such discrimination may consist of an international violation of the Women’s Rights.
Through a previous analysis of infanticide cases - homicide of the new-born by the mother - we conclude that most of them occur immediately after giving birth, in the most common forms by asphyxia, strangulation or stabbing. Thus, it is clear from the case-law of our courts that these situations are not liable to fall within the scope of the infanticide crime under Article 136º, since the effects of giving birth are not yet felt and therefore do not incorporate the concept of "disturbing influence of childbirth”, presupposed by the norm. Considering this landscape of disregard for the norm, the purpose of the present dissertation is the investigation of psychological disorders that begin in the gestation phase - among them, the denial of pregnancy (psychotic and nonpsychotic) and concealment of pregnancy -, and of those that only develop after childbirth - among them, postpartum depression and puerperal psychosis. To properly analyse such disorders, by understanding the motives that lead to the practice of the illicit, we resort to scientifically based articles that study the mind of the Human Being, to analyse whether these disorders can be included in the concept of "disturbing influence of childbirth", which underlies the diminished criminal responsibility status, presupposed by the legal type. We conclude that not all disorders that arise in pregnancy and postpartum are likely to fit the legal type, due to lack of connection with the moment of delivery, required by the law. From the analysis of the case-law, we conclude that the courts do not apply this legal type, which may be the basis of gender discrimination, given that the courts attend to stereotypes about the role of women, by leading to greater censorship for breaking with the traditional role of motherhood. Such discrimination may consist of an international violation of the Women’s Rights.
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Keywords
Direito penal Infanticídio Negação Psicose Imputabilidade Teses de mestrado - 2019