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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A contratação pública no domínio da defesa e segurança é uma encruzilhada em que se encontram reorganizados os pontos de equilíbrio de diversos princípios que regem a formação dos contratos públicos: a concorrência, publicidade e transparência, por um lado, e, por outro, o princípio da prossecução do interesse público, que apesar da influência que sofre do direito europeu, assume uma particular relevância nacional fundada nos interesses de segurança do Estado.
Os Estados necessitam de equipamento militar para a sua defesa e o meio para obtê-lo é a contratação pública. Este é um regime de fronteira, pois visa regular a formação de contratos que a prática, partindo (muitas vezes sem a interpretação correta) de uma habilitação de direito primário – o artigo 346.º do TFUE-, afastou, por muito tempo, das normas gerais de contratação pública. Normas essas desenhadas para regular um mercado generalista e que, consequentemente, se evidenciam pouco adequadas à contratação pública
que se desenvolve num mercado cujas características tornam necessária, como regra, mais soluções flexíveis e negociações entre o adjudicante e os concorrentes. Em acréscimo, é um setor cujos contratos, relevando diretamente de e para uma área sita no cerne da soberania dos Estados-Membros, clama adaptações ao nível da segurança da informação e do fornecimento que não se encontram no regime geral de contratação pública.
Por estes motivos este estudo, primeiro versando sobre, crítica o regime jurídico especial da contratação pública de defesa e segurança, pouco perscrutado a nível nacional no seu conjunto, e nele procedemos a uma articulação das traves mestras em causa – as derrogações de direito primário europeu motivadas pela proteção dos interesses essenciais de segurança dos Estados-Membros; a articulação da Diretiva 2014/24/UE com a Diretiva 2009/81/CE, especificidades desta, e o diploma nacional que transpôs esta última diretiva, traçando algumas adaptações face à prática nacional.
Public procurement in the defence and security domain is a crossroads at which the equilibrium of the various principles governing the award of public contracts is rearranged: competition, publicity and transparency, on the one hand, and, on the other, the principle of public interest, which, despite its European law influence, here entails a particular national relevance that is based on the security interests of the State. States need military equipment for their defence and the means of obtaining it is through public procurement. This regime we study is a borderline one, since it aims to regulate the award of contracts that practice, based (often upon an incorrect interpretation) on an EU primary law permission- article 346 of the TFEU -, has for a long time withheld from the general rules of public procurement. These rules are designed to regulate a generalist market and, consequently, have been perceived as unsuitable for public procurement, which takes place in a sector whose characteristics make it necessary, as a rule, to adopt more flexible solutions and negotiations between the contracting authority and tenderers. In addition, it is a sector whose contracts, being directly linked to and into an area at the heart of the sovereignty of the Member States, call for adaptations regarding security of information and supply needs, which are not present in the general public procurement regime. For these reasons, this study, firstly drawing an adequate analysis of, critiques the special legal regime of defence and security procurement, which has, as a corpus, undeservedly received little attention in Portugal, and in it we articulate the cornerstones of this regime- the primary European law derogations motivated by the protection of essential security interests of the Member States; the articulation between Directive 2014/24/EU and Directive 2009/81/EC, the specificities of the latter, and the national law that transposed Directive 2009/81/EC, establishing some punctual, but interesting, adaptations in the light of national practice.
Public procurement in the defence and security domain is a crossroads at which the equilibrium of the various principles governing the award of public contracts is rearranged: competition, publicity and transparency, on the one hand, and, on the other, the principle of public interest, which, despite its European law influence, here entails a particular national relevance that is based on the security interests of the State. States need military equipment for their defence and the means of obtaining it is through public procurement. This regime we study is a borderline one, since it aims to regulate the award of contracts that practice, based (often upon an incorrect interpretation) on an EU primary law permission- article 346 of the TFEU -, has for a long time withheld from the general rules of public procurement. These rules are designed to regulate a generalist market and, consequently, have been perceived as unsuitable for public procurement, which takes place in a sector whose characteristics make it necessary, as a rule, to adopt more flexible solutions and negotiations between the contracting authority and tenderers. In addition, it is a sector whose contracts, being directly linked to and into an area at the heart of the sovereignty of the Member States, call for adaptations regarding security of information and supply needs, which are not present in the general public procurement regime. For these reasons, this study, firstly drawing an adequate analysis of, critiques the special legal regime of defence and security procurement, which has, as a corpus, undeservedly received little attention in Portugal, and in it we articulate the cornerstones of this regime- the primary European law derogations motivated by the protection of essential security interests of the Member States; the articulation between Directive 2014/24/EU and Directive 2009/81/EC, the specificities of the latter, and the national law that transposed Directive 2009/81/EC, establishing some punctual, but interesting, adaptations in the light of national practice.
Description
Keywords
Contratação pública Segurança e defesa Forças armadas Forças de segurança Interesse público Contratação pública internacional Teses de mestrado - 2024 Public procurement Security and defence Armed forces Security forces Public interest International public procurement