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Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Lipsticks
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Cosméticos faciais, tais como os batons, são um dos itens mais usados no mundo. Estes produtos são aplicados diretamente na pele, podendo causar exposição local a alguns ingredientes que podem pôr em risco a saúde, pela presença de metais pesados. Estes podem ser intencionalmente adicionados à sua composição ou estar presente em concentrações ínfimas na forma de impurezas. Apesar das concentrações de metais pesados serem objeto de estudo em numerosos artigos, a clarificação de como os níveis obtidos se relacionam com possíveis efeitos adversos para a saúde humana é exigente. Neste estudo, a concentração de metais pesados presentes em 45 amostras de batons provenientes da China e da Europa foi determinada, usando a Espetrometria de Emissão Ótica com Plasma Acoplado Indutivamente (ICP-OES) como método analítico, para no fim se proceder à avaliação de risco. Além disso, efetuaram-se análises estatísticas, estudos de correlação, cumprimento da regulação internacional e avaliação da ingestão. A concentração de metais nas amostras apresentou uma grande variação, o que pode ser atribuído à qualidade das matérias primas empregues na sua produção. Também encontrámos diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as concentrações de Ba, Cd, Cu e Li e correlações positivas entre B/Cd, Ni/Cd, Cd/Fe e K/Pb. A maioria das amostras cumpre a legislação aplicável. Apesar da falta de informação para uma completa análise de risco, detetou-se uma MoS abaixo de 100, proveniente da exposição oral aos batons, tanto da China como da Europa, pelo que os riscos na sua utilização não devem ser menosprezados. Na avaliação da ingestão, obteve-se um valor de contribuição de 3,39% da quantidade diária tolerável do Pb para crianças, o que também é motivo de inquietação, se considerarmos as restantes fontes de exposição. Com tudo isto, podemos concluir que os produtos cosméticos constituem uma importante via de exposição crónica a estas substâncias e, portanto, possíveis efeitos adversos. Para minimizar os possíveis riscos inerentes à utilização de cosméticos, uma cooperação mais forte e constante que envolva especialistas em toxicologia é recomendada, para avaliar a segurança dos batons, inclusive os ingredientes utilizados nos mesmos.
Facial cosmetics, such as lipsticks, are used around the world by millions of consumers. These products are applied directly to the skin and may cause local exposure to certain ingredients that could be dangerous to health, like heavy metals, which may be part of the composition or in trace concentrations as impurities. Even though the concentrations of heavy metals have been studied in numerous articles, the clarification of how the described levels relate to possible adverse health risks is demanding. In this study, the concentration of heavy metal in 45 samples of lipsticks from China and Europe was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) as an analytical technique, ultimately to evaluate the risk to human health. Furthermore, statistical analysis, correlation studies, compliance with international regulation and intake assessments were also performed. The metal concentrations in the lipsticks presented a large variation, which may be attributed to the quality of the raw materials used in its production. We also found statistically significant differences between the concentrations of Ba, Cd, Cu and Li and positive correlations between B/Cd, Ni/Cd, Cd/Fe, and K/Pb. In addition, most of the samples fulfill the international regulation regarding toxic elements limits. Although critical data was missing to conduct the risk assessment, we detected an MoS from oral exposure to Pb in lipsticks from China and Europe both below the safety margin of 100, so the possible health risks due to the presence of this metal in lipsticks should not be underestimated. Another concerning result was the 3,39% contribution to the daily intake found for Pb in the children intake assessment conducted. With all this, it could be concluded that cosmetic products can constitute an important route of chronic exposure to these substances and, therefore, constitute a concern to health. To minimize any possible risk cosmetics may pose to human health, tighter cooperation involving toxicology specialists is recommended, in order to assess the safety of lipsticks and their wide share of ingredients on a constant basis.
Facial cosmetics, such as lipsticks, are used around the world by millions of consumers. These products are applied directly to the skin and may cause local exposure to certain ingredients that could be dangerous to health, like heavy metals, which may be part of the composition or in trace concentrations as impurities. Even though the concentrations of heavy metals have been studied in numerous articles, the clarification of how the described levels relate to possible adverse health risks is demanding. In this study, the concentration of heavy metal in 45 samples of lipsticks from China and Europe was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) as an analytical technique, ultimately to evaluate the risk to human health. Furthermore, statistical analysis, correlation studies, compliance with international regulation and intake assessments were also performed. The metal concentrations in the lipsticks presented a large variation, which may be attributed to the quality of the raw materials used in its production. We also found statistically significant differences between the concentrations of Ba, Cd, Cu and Li and positive correlations between B/Cd, Ni/Cd, Cd/Fe, and K/Pb. In addition, most of the samples fulfill the international regulation regarding toxic elements limits. Although critical data was missing to conduct the risk assessment, we detected an MoS from oral exposure to Pb in lipsticks from China and Europe both below the safety margin of 100, so the possible health risks due to the presence of this metal in lipsticks should not be underestimated. Another concerning result was the 3,39% contribution to the daily intake found for Pb in the children intake assessment conducted. With all this, it could be concluded that cosmetic products can constitute an important route of chronic exposure to these substances and, therefore, constitute a concern to health. To minimize any possible risk cosmetics may pose to human health, tighter cooperation involving toxicology specialists is recommended, in order to assess the safety of lipsticks and their wide share of ingredients on a constant basis.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019
Palavras-chave
Análise Impurezas Risco Metais pesados Batons Mestrado Integrado - 2019