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Crenças e assunções culturais, significado dos rituais famíliares e qualidade de relação em casais interculturais
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O número de casais interculturais, em Portugal e no mundo, tem aumentado de modo notório nas últimas décadas. No entanto, são ainda escassos os estudos e os instrumentos que avaliem a realidade desta tipologia de casal. O Cultural Assumptions and Beliefs Inventory (CABI; Killian, 2013) destina-se a avaliar os valores, crenças e assunções que são aprendidas através das famílias de origem, em elementos de um casal, possibilitando a deteção de diferenças. Nos casais interculturais, estas diferenças podem ser mais acentuadas, comportando desafios acrescidos a enfrentar. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: analisar as características psicométricas (análise fatorial, fiabilidade) da versão portuguesa do CABI; examinar diferenças de sexo e em função da nacionalidade em cada uma das variáveis em estudo; examinar as associações diádicas entre as dimensões do CABI, de homens e mulheres; e, por fim examinar as associações entre as dimensões do CABI, o significado atribuído aos rituais familiares e a qualidade da relação, em casais interculturais. O estudo (transversal) integrou duas amostras. A primeira, constituída por casais monoculturais, era composta por 125 casais e foi utilizada no âmbito da análise fatorial confirmatória do CABI. A segunda, constituída por 77 casais interculturais, foi utilizada para realizar as análises subsequentes. Cada um dos elementos do casal preencheu o Inventário de Crenças e Assunções Culturais, o Questionário de Rituais Familiares, o Inventário de Componentes de Qualidade Relacional Percebida e uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória revelaram que a versão portuguesa do CABI não apresenta bons indicadores de ajustamento do modelo original. Oito das nove subescalas do CABI apresentam valores adequados de fiabilidade. As mulheres apresentam pontuações mais elevadas nas variáveis expressividade emocional e religiosidade, que os homens. Entre as mulheres, as estrangeiras apresentam valores mais elevados na subescala futuro. Em contrapartida, as mulheres portuguesas evidenciam níveis mais elevados nos papéis de género. Foram encontradas associações diádicas significativas positivas entre todas as dimensões do CABI de homens e de mulheres, com exceção da expressividade emocional e proximidade familiar. Verificaram-se associações significativas entre as crenças e assunções, significado atribuído aos rituais familiares e qualidade relacional, tanto nos homens, como nas mulheres. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da literatura vigente. No trabalho clínico com casais interculturais, o reconhecimento e discussão de diferenças ao nível de dimensões específicas de crenças e assunções culturais pode revelar-se um caminho importante para a promoção da qualidade da relação.
The number of intercultural couples has notoriously increased in the last decades, in Portugal and in the world. However, there is a lack of studies and measures that analyse this couple typology. The Cultural Assumptions and Beliefs Inventory (CABI; Killian, 2013) has the purpose to examine the values, beliefs and assumptions that are learned through the families of origin, in couple members, allowing the detection of differences. In intercultural couples, these differences can be more accentuated, developing extra challenges to face. The present study had as purposes: to analyse the psychometric characteristics (factorial analysis, reliability) of the Portuguese version of the CABI; analyse gender and nationality differences in each of the dimensions of the CABI; examine the dyadic associations between all men’s and women’s dimensions of the CABI, in; lastly, examine the associations between the dimensions of the CABI and the meaning attributed to family rituals and relationship's quality, in intercultural couples. This transversal study had two samples. The first was composed by 125 monocultural couples and it was used as part of the CABI confirmatory factor analysis. The second sample was composed by 77 intercultural couples, it was used to carry out the subsequent analyses. Each one of the couple's elements filled in the Cultural Assumptions and Beliefs Inventory, the Family Rituals Questionnaire, the Perceived Relationship Quality Components and their sociodemographic data. The confirmatory factorial analysis results revealed that the CABI does not show good indicators of adjustment of the original model. Eight out of nine CABI subscales showed adequate values of reliability. Women showed higher rates in emotional expressiveness and religiosity than men. In women, the foreign showed higher rates in future. However, Portuguese women had higher rates in gender roles. Significant positive dyadic associations were found between men’s and women’s dimensions of the CABI, except in the emotional expressiveness and family closeness dimensions. At the individual level, significant associations were found between beliefs and assumptions, relational quality and meaning attributed to family rituals of both men and women. The results were discussed in light of current literature. In clinical work with intercultural couples, the recognition and discussion of differences in specific cultural beliefs and assumptions may be an important venue to promote the quality of couples’ relationship.
The number of intercultural couples has notoriously increased in the last decades, in Portugal and in the world. However, there is a lack of studies and measures that analyse this couple typology. The Cultural Assumptions and Beliefs Inventory (CABI; Killian, 2013) has the purpose to examine the values, beliefs and assumptions that are learned through the families of origin, in couple members, allowing the detection of differences. In intercultural couples, these differences can be more accentuated, developing extra challenges to face. The present study had as purposes: to analyse the psychometric characteristics (factorial analysis, reliability) of the Portuguese version of the CABI; analyse gender and nationality differences in each of the dimensions of the CABI; examine the dyadic associations between all men’s and women’s dimensions of the CABI, in; lastly, examine the associations between the dimensions of the CABI and the meaning attributed to family rituals and relationship's quality, in intercultural couples. This transversal study had two samples. The first was composed by 125 monocultural couples and it was used as part of the CABI confirmatory factor analysis. The second sample was composed by 77 intercultural couples, it was used to carry out the subsequent analyses. Each one of the couple's elements filled in the Cultural Assumptions and Beliefs Inventory, the Family Rituals Questionnaire, the Perceived Relationship Quality Components and their sociodemographic data. The confirmatory factorial analysis results revealed that the CABI does not show good indicators of adjustment of the original model. Eight out of nine CABI subscales showed adequate values of reliability. Women showed higher rates in emotional expressiveness and religiosity than men. In women, the foreign showed higher rates in future. However, Portuguese women had higher rates in gender roles. Significant positive dyadic associations were found between men’s and women’s dimensions of the CABI, except in the emotional expressiveness and family closeness dimensions. At the individual level, significant associations were found between beliefs and assumptions, relational quality and meaning attributed to family rituals of both men and women. The results were discussed in light of current literature. In clinical work with intercultural couples, the recognition and discussion of differences in specific cultural beliefs and assumptions may be an important venue to promote the quality of couples’ relationship.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia Clínica Sistémica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2019
Palavras-chave
Crenças Casais Comunicação intercultural Teses de mestrado - 2019