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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As duas principais teorias explicativas das falsas memórias obtidas através do
paradigma DRM (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) são a abordagem da
activação-monitorização (e.g. Roediger, Watson, McDermott & Gallo, 2001) e a
teoria fuzzy-trace (e.g. Brainerd & Reyna, 2002). Enquanto que a activaçãomonitorização
baseia a explicação do efeito num processo automático de dispersão de
activação, a fuzzy-trace pressupõe a extracção de um traço temático gist como
principal processo responsável pelo efeito. Contudo, ao contrário da abordagem da
activação-monitorização, a teoria fuzzy-trace não explica objectivamente este
processo nem é clara quanto à natureza automática ou controlada do mesmo. Serão
propostas duas experiências que permitem averiguar esta questão. Na Experiência 1
será aplicado o paradigma DRM com listas categoriais, manipulando-se o study-rate e
a apresentação do tema da lista ou de um tema de uma categoria ad hoc (Barsalou,
1983) como pista antes do estudo de cada lista, e adicionando-se no teste de
reconhecimento exemplares frequentemente instanciados das categorias ad hoc como
distractores não relacionados. Na Experiência 2, a esta manipulação será adicionada a
manipulação da apresentação do tema (da lista vs. ad hoc) já na fase de teste. Se a
extracção do gist for um processo controlado e estratégico serão de esperar falsos
reconhecimentos dos distractores relacionados com o tema ad hoc na condição de
study-rate lento (sendo a necessidade de tempo para actuar uma característica dos
processos controlados) (Exp. 1) e não será de esperar que os sujeitos recodifiquem o
gist extraído com um study rate lento a partir do tema dado no teste (Exp. 2), uma vez
que um gist robusto terá já sido extraído. Serão brevemente discutidas as implicações
destes resultados para a definição do conceito de gist e do seu processo de extracção
no âmbito das falsas memórias.
The two main explanatory theories of false memories obtained through the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959, Roediger & McDermott, 1995) are the activation-monitoring approach (e.g. Roediger, Watson, McDermott, & Gallo, 2001) and the fuzzy-trace theory (e.g. Brainerd & Reyna, 2002). While the activation-monitoring explanation is based on the effect of an automatic process of spreading activation, the fuzzy-trace theory proposes the extraction of a thematic gist trace as the main process responsible for the false memory effect. However, unlike the activation-monitoring approach, fuzzy-trace theory does not explain this process objectively and is not clear about it's automatic or controlled nature. Two experiments that will allow to test this issue will be proposed. In Experiment 1 the DRM paradigm with categorical lists will be applied, manipulating the study-rate and the presentation of the category theme or the theme of an ad hoc category (Barsalou, 1983) as a cue before each study list, and adding to the recognition test exemplars of the ad hoc categories (used in the study fase) as unrelated distractors. In Experiment 2, a further manipulation will be added: presentation of the theme (from the list vs. ad hoc) during the testing phase. If the gist extraction is a controlled and strategic process it should be expected false recognition of unrelated distractors (related to the ad hoc categories' themes used as cues during study) on the condition of slow study-rate (being the time-dependence a characteristic of controlled processes) (Exp. 1) and it should not be expected that subjects will recode the gist extracted with a slow rate study from the thematic cue given at test (Exp. 2), since a robust gist trace was already coded. The implications of these results for the definition of gist and its extraction process in the context of false memories will be briefly discussed.!
The two main explanatory theories of false memories obtained through the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959, Roediger & McDermott, 1995) are the activation-monitoring approach (e.g. Roediger, Watson, McDermott, & Gallo, 2001) and the fuzzy-trace theory (e.g. Brainerd & Reyna, 2002). While the activation-monitoring explanation is based on the effect of an automatic process of spreading activation, the fuzzy-trace theory proposes the extraction of a thematic gist trace as the main process responsible for the false memory effect. However, unlike the activation-monitoring approach, fuzzy-trace theory does not explain this process objectively and is not clear about it's automatic or controlled nature. Two experiments that will allow to test this issue will be proposed. In Experiment 1 the DRM paradigm with categorical lists will be applied, manipulating the study-rate and the presentation of the category theme or the theme of an ad hoc category (Barsalou, 1983) as a cue before each study list, and adding to the recognition test exemplars of the ad hoc categories (used in the study fase) as unrelated distractors. In Experiment 2, a further manipulation will be added: presentation of the theme (from the list vs. ad hoc) during the testing phase. If the gist extraction is a controlled and strategic process it should be expected false recognition of unrelated distractors (related to the ad hoc categories' themes used as cues during study) on the condition of slow study-rate (being the time-dependence a characteristic of controlled processes) (Exp. 1) and it should not be expected that subjects will recode the gist extracted with a slow rate study from the thematic cue given at test (Exp. 2), since a robust gist trace was already coded. The implications of these results for the definition of gist and its extraction process in the context of false memories will be briefly discussed.!
Description
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Cognição Social Aplicada), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2010
Keywords
Falsas memórias Esquecimento Cognição Teses de mestrado - 2010