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As infeções virais que afetam o feto, RN e a grávida
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Abstract(s)
As infeções virais durante a gravidez podem ter implicações significativas tanto para a mãe como para o feto e podem, também, afetar a saúde do recém-nascido. A transmissão de infeções da mãe para o feto pode ocorrer através de várias vias, incluindo a placenta, durante o parto ou no período pós-natal através da amamentação.
As complicações que resultam das infeções virais podem levar a uma série de desfechos, desde sintomas ligeiros a situações graves. As mulheres grávidas podem sofrer de sintomas mais graves devido às alterações no sistema imunitário durante a gravidez. Relativamente ao feto, pode desenvolver anomalias congénitas (microcefalia, defeitos cardíacos, anomalias cerebrais) ou apresentar restrição do crescimento intrauterino. Algumas infeções virais adquiridas durante a gravidez podem levar a problemas de saúde ao longo da vida do recém-nascido, incluindo atrasos no desenvolvimento, deficiências intelectuais, e doenças crónicas.
O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para propor intervenções e tratamentos adequados de modo a minimizar o risco de complicações. O diagnóstico inclui a história clínica, exame objetivo, testes laboratoriais e técnicas avançadas de imagiologia.
A prevenção de complicações associadas a infeções virais abrange uma combinação de estratégias, incluindo a implementação de cuidados pré-natais, a administração das vacinas recomendadas antes ou durante a gravidez, a prevenção no caso de a grávida ser exposta a um indivíduo doente e a procura de cuidados médicos imediatos se surgirem sintomas de infeção.
Os tratamentos antivirais desempenham um papel importante na prevenção da transmissão da infeção para o feto e devem ser iniciados o mais rápido possível. As vacinas são fundamentais na prevenção de certas infeções virais durante a gravidez. A imunização pode ajudar a proteger tanto a mulher grávida como o feto de várias doenças que podem ter consequências graves. No entanto, nem todos os vírus têm ainda uma vacina. As vacinas são uma área de grande importância que continua em constante desenvolvimento e que terá cada vez mais importâncias nos próximos anos.
Viral infections during pregnancy can have significant implications for both the mother and the foetus and can potentially affect the health of the newborn as well. The transmission of infections from mother to foetus can occur through various routes, including the placenta, during labour or in the post-natal period through breastfeeding. The complications that result from viral infections can lead to a range of outcomes, from mild symptoms to serious situations. Pregnant women can suffer more severe symptoms due to changes in the immune system during pregnancy. As for the foetus, he can develop congenital anomalies (microcephaly, heart defects, brain abnormalities) or intrauterine growth restriction. Some viral infections acquired during pregnancy can lead to health problems throughout the newborn's life, including developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and chronic illnesses. Early diagnosis is essential to propose appropriate interventions and treatments to minimise the risk of complications. Diagnosis includes medical history objective examination, laboratory tests and advanced imaging techniques. Preventing complications associated with viral infection encompasses a combination of strategies, including implementing prenatal care, obtaining recommended vaccinations before or during pregnancy, avoiding exposure to sick individuals and seeking immediate medical care if symptoms of infection appear. Antiviral treatments play an important role in preventing transmission of the infection to the foetus and should be started as soon as possible. Vaccinations are fundamental in preventing certain viral infections during pregnancy. Immunisation can help protect both the pregnant woman and the foetus from various diseases that can have serious consequences. However, not all viruses have a vaccine yet. Vaccines are an area of great importance that continues to be constantly developed and will become increasingly important in the coming years.
Viral infections during pregnancy can have significant implications for both the mother and the foetus and can potentially affect the health of the newborn as well. The transmission of infections from mother to foetus can occur through various routes, including the placenta, during labour or in the post-natal period through breastfeeding. The complications that result from viral infections can lead to a range of outcomes, from mild symptoms to serious situations. Pregnant women can suffer more severe symptoms due to changes in the immune system during pregnancy. As for the foetus, he can develop congenital anomalies (microcephaly, heart defects, brain abnormalities) or intrauterine growth restriction. Some viral infections acquired during pregnancy can lead to health problems throughout the newborn's life, including developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and chronic illnesses. Early diagnosis is essential to propose appropriate interventions and treatments to minimise the risk of complications. Diagnosis includes medical history objective examination, laboratory tests and advanced imaging techniques. Preventing complications associated with viral infection encompasses a combination of strategies, including implementing prenatal care, obtaining recommended vaccinations before or during pregnancy, avoiding exposure to sick individuals and seeking immediate medical care if symptoms of infection appear. Antiviral treatments play an important role in preventing transmission of the infection to the foetus and should be started as soon as possible. Vaccinations are fundamental in preventing certain viral infections during pregnancy. Immunisation can help protect both the pregnant woman and the foetus from various diseases that can have serious consequences. However, not all viruses have a vaccine yet. Vaccines are an area of great importance that continues to be constantly developed and will become increasingly important in the coming years.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Keywords
Infeção viral Gravidez Transmissão vertical Recém - nascido Vacinação Mestrado Integrado - 2023