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Esta tese sobre a identidade tsonga-changana no contexto da identidade nacional moçambicana, procura interpretar criticamente o processo de integração da diversidade social de natureza étnica, no projecto nacional moçambicano moderno em definição. A mesma toma como base o construtivismo social, adicionando-lhe ecleticamente várias contribuições teóricas desenvolvidas nas ciências sociais. Foram cruzados vários métodos qualitativos, especificamente os métodos histórico, sociológico e etnográfico, numa abordagem holística da realidade estudada. A pesquisa mostra que o processo de integração das diferentes identidades de natureza étnica no projecto da construção da nação ocorre a ritmos bastantes desacelerados. Da independência até 1990, verificou-se uma certa estagnação no processo da integração nacional, resultante das falhas da estratégia adoptada no processo da modernização do país, através da colectivização do campo, acompanhado pela ilegalização das instituições tradicionais. A estratégia de controlo social através da institucionalização dos Grupos Dinamizadores e implementação de guias de marcha pelo governo, também limitou a movimentação dos cidadãos dentro do território nacional, provocando a estagnação do processo de integração social horizontal muito importante para a unidade nacional. Depois desse período de hostilização das instituições tradicionais pelo Estado, no início da década de 1990 verifica-se uma mudança. O Estado iniciou um processo, embora lento de reconhecimento das autoridades comunitárias, através da Lei nº 3/94, revogado pela Lei nº 2/97 e, depois pelo Decreto 15/2000. Porém, aqui não se trata da integração destas autoridades no aparelho do Estado, mas apenas seu reconhecimento como entidades que existem, como órgãos de consulta. E, ao se deixar as instituições locais à margem do aparelho do Estado, deixa-se igualmente as culturas dos grupos que as reproduzem, à margem do projecto nacional. Assim sendo, a integração da identidade étnica tsonga-changana no projecto da construção da nação continua ainda em processo de definição.
This thesis on Tsonga-Changana identity in the context of Mozambican national identity intends to critically interpret the process of integrating ethnic social diversity into the modern Mozambican national project in definition. It is based on social constructivism, eclectically adding to it, several theoretical contributions developed in the social sciences. Several qualitative methods were combined, specifically the historical, sociological and ethnographic methods, in a holistic approach to the studied phenomenon. The research shows that the process of integrating different ethnic identities into the nation's construction project occurs at very depressed paces. From the independence until 1990, there has been some stagnation in the process of national integration resulting from the failures of the strategy adopted in the process of modernizing the country through the filed collectivization, accompanied by the illegalization of the traditional institutions. The social surveillance strategy through the institutionalization of the Dynamising Groups and the implementation of the route plans by the government also limited the movement of citizens within the national territory causing the stagnation of the horizontal social integration process, which is very important for national unity. After this period, in the early 1990s, the state initiated a process, although slow, of the recognition of community authorities, through Law No. 3/94, repealed by Law No. 2/97 and then by Decree 15/2000. However, this is not about the integration of these authorities into the state apparatus, but only their recognition as entities that exist, such as advisory bodies. And when leaving the local institutions on the sidelines of the state apparatus, the culture of that group is also left on the margins of the national project. Therefore, the integration of ethnic identity tsonga-changana in the project of the nation's construction still continues in the process of definition.
This thesis on Tsonga-Changana identity in the context of Mozambican national identity intends to critically interpret the process of integrating ethnic social diversity into the modern Mozambican national project in definition. It is based on social constructivism, eclectically adding to it, several theoretical contributions developed in the social sciences. Several qualitative methods were combined, specifically the historical, sociological and ethnographic methods, in a holistic approach to the studied phenomenon. The research shows that the process of integrating different ethnic identities into the nation's construction project occurs at very depressed paces. From the independence until 1990, there has been some stagnation in the process of national integration resulting from the failures of the strategy adopted in the process of modernizing the country through the filed collectivization, accompanied by the illegalization of the traditional institutions. The social surveillance strategy through the institutionalization of the Dynamising Groups and the implementation of the route plans by the government also limited the movement of citizens within the national territory causing the stagnation of the horizontal social integration process, which is very important for national unity. After this period, in the early 1990s, the state initiated a process, although slow, of the recognition of community authorities, through Law No. 3/94, repealed by Law No. 2/97 and then by Decree 15/2000. However, this is not about the integration of these authorities into the state apparatus, but only their recognition as entities that exist, such as advisory bodies. And when leaving the local institutions on the sidelines of the state apparatus, the culture of that group is also left on the margins of the national project. Therefore, the integration of ethnic identity tsonga-changana in the project of the nation's construction still continues in the process of definition.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Sociais, especialidade de História dos Factos Sociais
Palavras-chave
Identidade Étnica Identidade Nacional Ethnic Identity National Identity
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas
