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Abstract(s)
Os meios executivos previstos no Código de Processo Civil português, em seu Livro IV, refletem, basicamente, os modos de realização coativa das prestações decorrentes de vínculos obrigacionais, constantes na Secção III, do Capítulo VII, Título I, do Livro II do Código Civil. A doutrina costuma referir, inclusive, que o fundamento material de todas as execuções é sempre algum dos artigos dessa Secção (o artigo 817.º, o artigo 827.º, o
artigo 828.º ou o artigo 829.º), que está ligado a um tipo de prestação (pagamento de quantia certa, entrega de cosia certa, prestação de fato fungível e fato negativo) e que por sua vez representa alguma das modalidades de processo executivo do nº. 6, do artigo 10.º do CPC. Entretanto, os direitos e interesses legalmente protegidos, que necessitam de tutela a partir das normas do CPC, são muito mais abrangentes que os que efetivamente decorrem de vínculos obrigacionais e muitas vezes possuem necessidades que não se
aprazem com o modo de realização que foi arquitetado para esses últimos. Assim, artificialmente, pois decorrente de uma unificação forçada de meios, que não leva em conta as necessidades de tutelas diferenciadas, tem-se uma atuação executiva que não tende a completude, que nem sempre oferece meios coercitivos de atuação específica dos direitos e que assim não respeita, plenamente, a garantia da tutela jurisdicional efetiva, deixando de representar um processo equitativo. Desse modo, o objeto da investigação é
suscitar e perscrutar a possibilidade de utilização da cláusula geral de adequação formal, prevista no artigo 547.º do CPC, como ferramenta para obtenção do meio executivo mais adequado – no caso concreto – à tutela jurisdicional efetiva dos direitos, assegurando, verdadeiramente, um processo equitativo.
The enforcement methods provided in the Portuguese Code of Civil Procedure, in its Book IV, basically reflect the methods of coercive realization of benefits arising from obligations, contained in Section III of Chapter VII, Title I of Book II of the Civil Code. The doctrine even states that the material basis of all executions is always one of the articles in that Section (Article 817, Article 827, Article 828 or Article 829), which is linked to a type of installment (payment of a sum certain, delivery of a thing certain, installment of a fungible fact and a negative fact) and which in turn represents one of the types of executive procedure in Article 10(6) of the CPC. However, the legally protected rights and interests that need to be guaranteed by the rules of the CPC are much broader than those that actually arise from obligations and often have needs that are not satisfied with the way of realization that has been devised for the latter. Thus, artificially, because it is the result of a forced unification of means, which does not take into account the needs of differentiated remedies, there is an executive action that does not tend towards completeness, that does not always offer coercive means of specifically enforcing rights and that therefore does not fully respect the guarantee of effective judicial remedy, failing to represent a due process of law. In this way, the aim of the investigation is to raise and scrutinize the possibility of using case management, provided for in Article 547 of the CPC, as a tool for obtaining the most appropriate means of enforcement - in the specific case - for the effective judicial protection of rights, truly ensuring a fair process.
The enforcement methods provided in the Portuguese Code of Civil Procedure, in its Book IV, basically reflect the methods of coercive realization of benefits arising from obligations, contained in Section III of Chapter VII, Title I of Book II of the Civil Code. The doctrine even states that the material basis of all executions is always one of the articles in that Section (Article 817, Article 827, Article 828 or Article 829), which is linked to a type of installment (payment of a sum certain, delivery of a thing certain, installment of a fungible fact and a negative fact) and which in turn represents one of the types of executive procedure in Article 10(6) of the CPC. However, the legally protected rights and interests that need to be guaranteed by the rules of the CPC are much broader than those that actually arise from obligations and often have needs that are not satisfied with the way of realization that has been devised for the latter. Thus, artificially, because it is the result of a forced unification of means, which does not take into account the needs of differentiated remedies, there is an executive action that does not tend towards completeness, that does not always offer coercive means of specifically enforcing rights and that therefore does not fully respect the guarantee of effective judicial remedy, failing to represent a due process of law. In this way, the aim of the investigation is to raise and scrutinize the possibility of using case management, provided for in Article 547 of the CPC, as a tool for obtaining the most appropriate means of enforcement - in the specific case - for the effective judicial protection of rights, truly ensuring a fair process.
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Keywords
Código de processo civil Tutela jurisdicional efectiva Acção executiva Teses de mestrado - 2024 Code of Civil Procedure Effective Jurisdictional Protection Enforcement action