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Parasitoses gastrointestinais e cardiopulmonares em canídeos e felídeos do arquipélago dos Açores e suas repercussões no bem-estar animal e saúde pública
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Estudos sobre parasitoses de animais de companhia em territórios insulares são ainda escassos devido a inúmeros fatores, como a localização geográfica, disparidade de recursos socioecónomicos e carência de materiais que apoiem trabalhos científicos. A presente tese de doutoramento teve como principais objetivos caracterizar o parasitismo gastrointestinal e cardiopulmonar em cães e gatos domésticos do arquipélago dos Açores, assim como aferir as suas repercussões no bem-estar animal e saúde pública, de modo a sensibilizar as populações e criar protocolos de prevenção e controlo mais eficazes. Para este efeito, utilizou-se o método Mini-FLOTAC para análise de fezes e de solo, de modo a quantificar a eliminação de formas parasitárias. Foi também efetuada a análise qualitativa das fezes e amostras de sangue. A prevalência e intensidade global de parasitismo gastrointestinal foi elevada em ambas as espécies de hospedeiros, tendo sido identificados os seguintes parasitas: Ancylostomatidae; Toxocara canis; Toxocara cati; Trichuris vulpis; Cystoisospora spp. A prevalência de parasitismo pulmonar foi de 0% nos canídeos e 16%, nos felídeos, tendo sido detetadas as seguintes espécies em gatos: Aelurostrongylus abstrusus; Troglostrongylus brevior; Angiostrongylus chabaudi. Não foram detetados quaisquer exemplares de microfilárias nas amostras sanguíneas. Salienta-se ainda a contaminação de solos por ovos de helmintes, sobretudo por Toxocaridae. Destaca-se ainda a influência de fatores climáticos na proporção de infeção parasitária (precipitação, temperatura), assim como a sazonalidade evidente de Toxocaridae (primavera e verão). Além disso, foram realizados inquéritos aos detentores de animais, instituições e médicos veterinários. Os inquéritos realizados aos detentores e responsáveis por instituições de recolha oficial de animais permitiram evidenciar fatores de risco inerentes às características das populações locais de carnívoros, que contribuem para a ocorrência destas parasitoses, sendo que nos inquéritos realizados à comunidade veterinária açoriana, destacam-se as boas práticas de controlo e tratamento destes agentes parasitários, por parte dos veterinários da região, sendo, contudo, necessária uma maior aposta na sua formação, relativamente ao diagnóstico e testagem de possíveis resistências parasitárias. Por fim, foram efetuados Testes de Redução da Contagem de Ovos nas Fezes (TRCOF) em cães e gatos, comprovando a eficácia e segurança de todas os antiparasitários testados, em animais de canis/gatis naturalmente infetados por Ancylostomatidae e Toxocaridae
Studies regarding parasitic diseases in companion animals in island territories are still scarce due to numerous factors, such as geographic location, disparity in socioeconomic resources, and a lack of materials to support scientific research. The main objectives of this doctoral thesis were to characterize gastrointestinal and cardiopulmonary parasitism in domestic dogs and cats in the Azores archipelago, as well as to assess its impact on animal welfare and public health, in order to raise awareness and develop more effective prevention and control protocols. For this purpose, the Mini-FLOTAC method was used to analyze feces and soil samples in order to quantify the shedding of parasitic forms. Qualitative analysis of feces and blood samples was also performed. The overall prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasitism was high in both species, with the following parasites identified: Ancylostomatidae; Toxocara canis; Toxocara cati; Trichuris vulpis; Cystoisospora spp. The prevalence of lungworms was 0% in canines and 16% in felines, being Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Troglostrongylus brevior and Angiostrongylus chabaudi detected in cats. No microfilariae were detected in blood samples. Soil contamination by helminth eggs, particularly Toxocaridae, is also noteworthy. The influence of climatic factors on parasitic infection rate (rainfall, temperature) is also noteworthy, as is the evidence of seasonality regarding Toxocaridae (spring and summer). Furthermore, surveys were conducted among animal owners, institutions, and veterinarians. Surveys of owners and those responsible for official animal control institutions revealed risk factors inherent to the characteristics of local carnivore populations that contributed to the occurrence of these parasitic diseases (breed, lifestyle, cohabitation, frequency of deworming, and sample origin). Surveys conducted on Azorean veterinary community highlighted the existence of good practices regarding control and treatment of these parasitic agents among veterinarians in the region. However, greater investment in their training concerning the diagnosis and testing of possible parasitic resistance is still needed. Finally, Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) were performed on dogs and cats, showing the efficacy and safety of all anthelminthic drugs tested in animals from kennels/catteries, naturally infected by Ancylostomatidae and Toxocaridae
Studies regarding parasitic diseases in companion animals in island territories are still scarce due to numerous factors, such as geographic location, disparity in socioeconomic resources, and a lack of materials to support scientific research. The main objectives of this doctoral thesis were to characterize gastrointestinal and cardiopulmonary parasitism in domestic dogs and cats in the Azores archipelago, as well as to assess its impact on animal welfare and public health, in order to raise awareness and develop more effective prevention and control protocols. For this purpose, the Mini-FLOTAC method was used to analyze feces and soil samples in order to quantify the shedding of parasitic forms. Qualitative analysis of feces and blood samples was also performed. The overall prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasitism was high in both species, with the following parasites identified: Ancylostomatidae; Toxocara canis; Toxocara cati; Trichuris vulpis; Cystoisospora spp. The prevalence of lungworms was 0% in canines and 16% in felines, being Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Troglostrongylus brevior and Angiostrongylus chabaudi detected in cats. No microfilariae were detected in blood samples. Soil contamination by helminth eggs, particularly Toxocaridae, is also noteworthy. The influence of climatic factors on parasitic infection rate (rainfall, temperature) is also noteworthy, as is the evidence of seasonality regarding Toxocaridae (spring and summer). Furthermore, surveys were conducted among animal owners, institutions, and veterinarians. Surveys of owners and those responsible for official animal control institutions revealed risk factors inherent to the characteristics of local carnivore populations that contributed to the occurrence of these parasitic diseases (breed, lifestyle, cohabitation, frequency of deworming, and sample origin). Surveys conducted on Azorean veterinary community highlighted the existence of good practices regarding control and treatment of these parasitic agents among veterinarians in the region. However, greater investment in their training concerning the diagnosis and testing of possible parasitic resistance is still needed. Finally, Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) were performed on dogs and cats, showing the efficacy and safety of all anthelminthic drugs tested in animals from kennels/catteries, naturally infected by Ancylostomatidae and Toxocaridae
Descrição
Tese especialmente elaborada para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Veterinárias na especialidade de Sanidade Animal, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Palavras-chave
Açores Cão Gato Helmintes Metastrongyloidea Azores Dog Cat Helminths Metastrongyloidea