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Implicações anatómicas da morfologia vertebral na ocorrência de hérnias discais toracolombares em Canis familiaris
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A hérnia discal toracolombar (TL-IVDH) em cães é uma das causas mais comuns de disfunção neurológica nesta espécie, resultando de uma interação complexa entre fatores genéticos, degenerativos e anatómicos. Entre estes, a morfologia vertebral tem sido frequentemente identificada como um possível determinante da predisposição para o desenvolvimento de hérnias discais em humanos, embora o seu papel específico em cães permaneça ainda pouco esclarecido. O presente estudo retrospetivo teve como objetivo caracterizar morfometricamente as vértebras torácicas e lombares, relativamente às dimensões do comprimento do corpo vertebral, e largura e altura das extremidades articulares, determinando se existem ou não diferenças nas proporções dimensionais dos corpos das vértebras entre animais com e sem hérnia de disco. O desenho do estudo considerou a avaliação de imagens de tomografia computorizada (TC), do segmento toracolombar (T11–L3) de uma amostra de 40 cães condrodistróficos e não condrodistróficos (n=40), divididos em dois grupos: grupo de estudo (GE) - cães com diagnóstico de TL-IVDH (n=28), e grupo de controlo (GC) - cães saudáveis (n=12); nos quais se realizou a avaliação morfométrica das dimensões vertebrais e as suas relações. A análise estatística permitiu comparar os diferentes rácios morfométricos entre GE e GC, e avaliar o efeito combinado da presença de hérnia e do fenótipo condrodistrófico. Nos resultados obtidos, o rácio entre as larguras das extremidades articulares vertebrais (rácio 2/4) apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05), com os indivíduos do GE não condrodistróficos a apresentarem valores inferiores aos do GC, sugerindo assim que as proporções anatómicas alteradas da coluna vertebral poderão influenciar a distribuição de cargas e a dinâmica biomecânica, contribuindo para a degenerescência discal e para o desenvolvimento de hérnias em cães não condrodistróficos. O trabalho reforça também a importância de incluir parâmetros anatómicos no desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção, identificação e tratamento da doença do disco intervertebral
Thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (TL-IVDH) in dogs is one of the most common causes of neurological dysfunction in this species, resulting from a complex interaction between genetic, degenerative, and anatomical factors. Among these, vertebral morphology has been frequently identified as a possible determinant of predisposition to the development of intervertebral disc herniation in humans, although its specific role in dogs remains poorly understood. The present retrospective study aimed to morphometrically characterize the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae with regard to vertebral body length and the width and height of the articular endplates, determining whether differences exist in the dimensional proportions of vertebral bodies between animals with and without disc herniation. The study design involved the evaluation of computed tomography (CT) images of the thoracolumbar segment (T11–L3) from a sample of 40 chondrodystrophic and non chondrodystrophic dogs (n = 40), divided into two groups: the study group (SG), consisting of dogs diagnosed with TL-IVDH (n = 28), and the control group (CG), composed of healthy dogs (n = 12), in which morphometric assessment of vertebral dimensions and their relationships was performed. Statistical analysis allowed comparison of the different morphometric ratios between the SG and CG and evaluation of the combined effect of disc herniation and the chondrodystrophic phenotype. In the results obtained, the ratio between the widths of the vertebral articular endplates (ratio 2/4) showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), with non-chondrodystrophic individuals in the SG presenting lower values than those in the CG, thus suggesting that altered anatomical proportions of the vertebral column may influence load distribution and biomechanical dynamics, contributing to disc degeneration and the development of herniation in non-chondrodystrophic dogs. This work also reinforces the importance of including anatomical parameters in the development of strategies for the prevention, identification, and treatment of intervertebral disc disease
Thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (TL-IVDH) in dogs is one of the most common causes of neurological dysfunction in this species, resulting from a complex interaction between genetic, degenerative, and anatomical factors. Among these, vertebral morphology has been frequently identified as a possible determinant of predisposition to the development of intervertebral disc herniation in humans, although its specific role in dogs remains poorly understood. The present retrospective study aimed to morphometrically characterize the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae with regard to vertebral body length and the width and height of the articular endplates, determining whether differences exist in the dimensional proportions of vertebral bodies between animals with and without disc herniation. The study design involved the evaluation of computed tomography (CT) images of the thoracolumbar segment (T11–L3) from a sample of 40 chondrodystrophic and non chondrodystrophic dogs (n = 40), divided into two groups: the study group (SG), consisting of dogs diagnosed with TL-IVDH (n = 28), and the control group (CG), composed of healthy dogs (n = 12), in which morphometric assessment of vertebral dimensions and their relationships was performed. Statistical analysis allowed comparison of the different morphometric ratios between the SG and CG and evaluation of the combined effect of disc herniation and the chondrodystrophic phenotype. In the results obtained, the ratio between the widths of the vertebral articular endplates (ratio 2/4) showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), with non-chondrodystrophic individuals in the SG presenting lower values than those in the CG, thus suggesting that altered anatomical proportions of the vertebral column may influence load distribution and biomechanical dynamics, contributing to disc degeneration and the development of herniation in non-chondrodystrophic dogs. This work also reinforces the importance of including anatomical parameters in the development of strategies for the prevention, identification, and treatment of intervertebral disc disease
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Clínica
Palavras-chave
Cão Anatomia vertebral Hérnia de disco Condrodistrófico Tomografia computarizada Dog Vertebral anatomy Intervertebral disc herniation Chondrodystrophic Computed tomography