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Avaliação dos fatores psicossociais em trabalhadores municipais com atividades com equipamentos dotados de visor durante a pandemia
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Com a emergência da pandemia Covid-19 em todo o mundo, a introdução de mudanças laborais para combater a propagação da doença, teve como principal medida a generalização do teletrabalho. Os modelos de teletrabalho já existiam, mas a sua massificação evidenciou vantagens e desvantagens, com impacto para a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os fatores psicossociais e a sua relação com os determinantes da atividade de trabalho em trabalhadores municipais com tarefas que requeriam a utilização de Equipamentos Dotados de Visor, em contexto de pandemia. A amostra integrou 407 trabalhadores municipais. A recolha de dados foi realizada com recurso a um questionário, onde se pretendeu obter uma caracterização sociodemográfica dos trabalhadores, dos hábitos e estilos de vida, da organização do trabalho, das dificuldades com os recursos físicos e tecnológicos, da percepção do ambiente físico, da sintomatologia músculo-esquelética através do Questionário Nórdico Músculo-esquelético adaptado e dos fatores psicossociais através da versão média portuguesa do COPSOQ III. Relativamente ao teletrabalho, grande parte dos trabalhadores encontravam-se em teletrabalho parcialmente (48,2%). Os resultados da sintomatologia músculo-esquelética evidenciaram que a região corporal com maior prevalência foi a lombar, com 57,0%, seguindose a região cervical com 50,9% de queixas. Relativamente aos modelos de organização do trabalho, tanto aqueles que estavam num modelo presencial, em teletrabalho como em modelo híbrido, apresentaram maior prevalência de sintomatologia na região lombar (53,4%; 62,6%; e 56,6%, respetivamente), seguida da região cervical (46,6%; 59,3%; e 49,5%, respetivamente). No que diz respeito aos fatores psicossociais, de uma forma global, não foi observada nenhuma escala com valores desfavoráveis. O mesmo verificou-se nos trabalhadores que se encontravam a trabalhar presencialmente e em teletrabalho; já em sistema híbrido, a escala Exigências Cognitivas apresentou valores desfavoráveis. No entanto, a análise dos fatores psicossociais em função do modelo de organização do trabalho, permitiu identificar diferenças significativas nas escalas Exigências Quantitativas e Insegurança Laboral entre as categorias de trabalho “Presencial” e o “Híbrido”, com os trabalhadores no regime híbrido a referirem maiores exigências quantitativas e os trabalhadores em regime presencial maior insegurança laboral. Os resultados do presente estudo são de interesse para estudos futuros que aprofundem estas dimensões em função do modelo de organização do trabalho e que contribuam para clarificar as contradições ainda existentes relativamente à seleção de um modelo de teletrabalho, híbrido ou presencial.
With the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic around the world, the introduction of work changes to combat the spread of the disease, had as its main measure the generalization of telework. Telework models already existed, but their massification highlighted advantages and disadvantages, with an impact on the health and safety of workers. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating psychosocial factors and their relationship with determinants of work activity in municipal workers with tasks that required the use of Display Screen Equipment, in a pandemic context. The sample comprised 407 municipal workers. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire that aimed to obtain a sociodemographic characterization of the workers, their habits and lifestyles, work organization, difficulties with physical and technological resources, perception of the physical environment, musculoskeletal symptoms through the adapted Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and psychosocial factors through the Portuguese medium version of the COPSOQ III. Regarding telework, most workers were partially teleworking (48.2%). The results of musculoskeletal symptoms showed that the body region with the highest prevalence was the lumbar region, with 57.0%, followed by the cervical region with 50.9% of complaints. Regarding work organization models, both those who were in a face-to-face model, teleworking or hybrid model, showed a higher prevalence of symptomatology in the lumbar region (53.4%; 62.6%; and 56.6%, respectively), followed by the cervical region (46.6%; 59.3%; and 49.5%, respectively). About psychosocial factors, overall, no scale with unfavorable values was observed. The same was observed in workers who were working face-to-face and teleworking; in the hybrid system, the Cognitive Demands scale showed unfavorable values. However, the analysis of psychosocial factors according to the work organization model allowed the identification of significant differences in the scales Quantitative Demands and Job Insecurity between the "Face-to-face" and "Hybrid" work categories, with workers in the hybrid system reporting higher quantitative demands and workers in the face-to-face system reporting higher job insecurity. The results of the present study are of interest for future studies that deepen these dimensions according to the work organization model and that contribute to clarify the contradictions that still exist regarding the selection of a telework model, hybrid or face-to-face.
With the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic around the world, the introduction of work changes to combat the spread of the disease, had as its main measure the generalization of telework. Telework models already existed, but their massification highlighted advantages and disadvantages, with an impact on the health and safety of workers. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating psychosocial factors and their relationship with determinants of work activity in municipal workers with tasks that required the use of Display Screen Equipment, in a pandemic context. The sample comprised 407 municipal workers. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire that aimed to obtain a sociodemographic characterization of the workers, their habits and lifestyles, work organization, difficulties with physical and technological resources, perception of the physical environment, musculoskeletal symptoms through the adapted Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and psychosocial factors through the Portuguese medium version of the COPSOQ III. Regarding telework, most workers were partially teleworking (48.2%). The results of musculoskeletal symptoms showed that the body region with the highest prevalence was the lumbar region, with 57.0%, followed by the cervical region with 50.9% of complaints. Regarding work organization models, both those who were in a face-to-face model, teleworking or hybrid model, showed a higher prevalence of symptomatology in the lumbar region (53.4%; 62.6%; and 56.6%, respectively), followed by the cervical region (46.6%; 59.3%; and 49.5%, respectively). About psychosocial factors, overall, no scale with unfavorable values was observed. The same was observed in workers who were working face-to-face and teleworking; in the hybrid system, the Cognitive Demands scale showed unfavorable values. However, the analysis of psychosocial factors according to the work organization model allowed the identification of significant differences in the scales Quantitative Demands and Job Insecurity between the "Face-to-face" and "Hybrid" work categories, with workers in the hybrid system reporting higher quantitative demands and workers in the face-to-face system reporting higher job insecurity. The results of the present study are of interest for future studies that deepen these dimensions according to the work organization model and that contribute to clarify the contradictions that still exist regarding the selection of a telework model, hybrid or face-to-face.
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Palavras-chave
COPSOQ III Equipamentos Dotados de Visor Ergonomia Fatores de Risco Psicossociais Pandemia Saúde Ocupacional Sintomatologia Músculo-esquelética Trabalho Informatizado Trabalhadores Municipais Computer work COPSOQ III Display Screen Equipment Ergonomics Municipal workers Musculoskeletal Symptomatology Occupational Health Pandemic Psychosocial Risk Factors