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A competência do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia no espaço de liberdade, segurança e justiça
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Abstract(s)
O Tratado de Lisboa consagrou o espaço de liberdade, segurança e justiça no título V do Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia e unificou a competência do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia, eliminando a dualidade metodológica e competencial vigente desde o Tratado de Amesterdão. A análise atenta dos Protocolos e das Declarações anexos ao Tratado de Lisboa, bem como do direito derivado da União revela, porém, uma crescente multiplicidade e complexidade de excepções e derrogações a essa competência. O espaço de liberdade, segurança e justiça é um espaço geográfica e juridicamente distinto do da União Europeia, integra Estados terceiros, como a Suíça, a Noruega, a Islândia, o Liechtenstein, admite a participação opcional de Estados-membros e a aceita a desvinculação do Reino Unido relativamente a actos que vinculavam todos os Estados-membros. A proclamação e a tutela dos direitos fundamentais, reforçadas com o Tratado de Lisboa, contribuem para limitar os efeitos das disposições dos Tratados que têm procurado refrear os avanços jurisprudenciais em matéria de integração mas, paradoxalmente potenciam igualmente a fragmentação dos princípios da confiança mútua e do reconhecimento mútuo, pedras basilares do progresso na integração do espaço de liberdade, segurança e justiça. Com o estudo do âmbito material e subjectivo da competência do TJUE no espaço de liberdade, segurança e justiça e, em especial, dos limites a essa competência decorrentes dos tratados e do direito derivado da União, proponho-me demonstrar que o espaço de liberdade, segurança e justiça é ainda, hoje, sobretudo, um espaço de cooperação intergovernamental de geometria variável.
The Treaty of Lisbon inserted the area of freedom, security and justice in title V of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and unified the jurisdiction of the EU’s Court of Justice, thus eliminating the dual regimes of competence and methodology in force since the Treaty of Amsterdam. A detailed analysis of the Protocols and Declarations attached to the Treaty of Lisbon, as well as EU legislation provide, however, for an increasing diversity and complexity of exceptions and opt-outs. The area of freedom, security and justice is geographically and legally different from the rest of the European Union, it associates non-EU countries, like Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, it authorizes EU countries’ opt-outs and opt-ins and accepts UK “opt-out-ins” regarding measures already binding. The fundamental rights proclamation and protection, entrenchment in the Treaty of Lisbon, will contribute to restrict the potential effects of the Treaty provisions aimed to refrain the case law of the Court of Justice as regards integration, but paradoxically also potentiate the erosion of the principles of mutual trust and mutual recognition, the cornerstone of integration enhancement in the area of freedom, security and justice. With this in-depth study of the EU’s Court of Justice jurisdiction over the area of freedom, security and justice and, particularly, its limits flowing from the Treaties and EU legislation, I intend to demonstrate that the area of freedom, security and justice is still, nowadays, essentially an area of intergovernmental cooperation of variable geometry.
The Treaty of Lisbon inserted the area of freedom, security and justice in title V of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and unified the jurisdiction of the EU’s Court of Justice, thus eliminating the dual regimes of competence and methodology in force since the Treaty of Amsterdam. A detailed analysis of the Protocols and Declarations attached to the Treaty of Lisbon, as well as EU legislation provide, however, for an increasing diversity and complexity of exceptions and opt-outs. The area of freedom, security and justice is geographically and legally different from the rest of the European Union, it associates non-EU countries, like Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, it authorizes EU countries’ opt-outs and opt-ins and accepts UK “opt-out-ins” regarding measures already binding. The fundamental rights proclamation and protection, entrenchment in the Treaty of Lisbon, will contribute to restrict the potential effects of the Treaty provisions aimed to refrain the case law of the Court of Justice as regards integration, but paradoxically also potentiate the erosion of the principles of mutual trust and mutual recognition, the cornerstone of integration enhancement in the area of freedom, security and justice. With this in-depth study of the EU’s Court of Justice jurisdiction over the area of freedom, security and justice and, particularly, its limits flowing from the Treaties and EU legislation, I intend to demonstrate that the area of freedom, security and justice is still, nowadays, essentially an area of intergovernmental cooperation of variable geometry.
Description
Tese de doutoramento, Direito (Ciências Jurídico-Internacionais e Europeias), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Direito, 2015
Keywords
Teses de doutoramento - 2015