A carregar...
Publicação
Estudo sanitário de um apiário da região centro Portugal : identificação, monotorização e controlo dos principais agentes etiológicos
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.61 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Resumo(s)
O conhecimento do estado sanitário das colmeias e dos apiários é uma
ferramenta chave para o apicultor obter uma redução na mortalidade anual e
consequentemente um aumento do sucesso da exploração apícola. Os objetivos deste
trabalho basearam-se na realização de 3 estudos sanitários num apiário da região
centro de Portugal, durante a época de maior mortalidade (início do outono, inverno e
início da primavera) de forma a obter informação sobre o real estado sanitário das
colmeias, pesquisando os principais agentes etiológicos no território nacional: a) Varroa
destructor; b) Nosema spp.; c) Ascosfera apis; d) Senotainia tricuspis e e) Paenibacilus
larvae. No decurso deste estudo fez-se a aplicação de 4 acaricidas homologados contra
a varroose (Apivar®, Thymovar®, Apilife-Var® e Apiguard®) de forma a comparar a sua
eficácia. Para tal, foram utilizadas 20 colmeias, criadas na primavera que antecedeu o
início do estudo, sujeitas ao mesmo maneio e provenientes da mesma colónia-mãe de
forma a reduzir possíveis fatores causadores de erros. Após o segundo estudo sanitário
foram criados 5 grupos para efetuar a aplicação e comparação dos métodos e controlo
sendo que nos grupos 1 a 4 foram aplicados de acaricidas e o grupo 5 usado como
grupo controlo.
No outono, observou-se que todas as colmeias estavam afetadas por S. tricuspis
(média 12,12%) e que 60% continham V. destrutor, com taxas de infestação médias
inferiores a 1. No inverno, o único parasita encontrado foi V. destructor, com 100% das
colmeias afetadas e com taxas médias de infestação de 3,75% nas abelhas adultas e
8,6% nos favos de criação. No início da primavera, 15% das colmeias apresentavam
Nosema spp. e 90% das colmeias V. destructor, sendo que os grupos (1 a 4) sujeitos à
aplicação de métodos de controlo apresentaram uma infestação média por colmeia de
2,45% nas abelhas e de 3,22% nos favos. A avaliação da eficácia dos métodos de
controlo contra a varroose mostrou que o Apilife-Var® foi o fármaco mais eficaz seguido
do Apivar®, Thymovar® e do Apiguard®.
ABSTRACT - The knowledge of the health status of hives and apiaries is a really important tool for the beekeeper in order to obtain a reduction in annual mortality and consequently an increase in the success of beekeeping. The objective of this work consisted in the realization of 3 health studies in an apiary in the central region of Portugal during the season of higher mortality (early Autumn, Winter, and early Spring) in order to obtain information on the real health status of the hives by researching the main etiological agents in the national territory: a) Varroa destructor; b) Nosema spp.; c) Ascosfera apis; d) Senotainia tricuspis and e) Paenibacilus larvae. During the course of this study, 4 approved acaricides against varroose (Apivar®, Thymovar®, Apilife-Var® and Apiguard®) were applied to compare their effectiveness. For this purpose, 20 hives were used, all of them created in the spring before the beginning of the study, subjected to the same management and descending from the same mother colony, in order to reduce possible factors that would cause evaluation errors. After the second health study, 5 groups were created to carry out the application and comparison of the control methods. From group 1 to 4 were applied acaricides and group 5 was used as a control group. In autumn, it was observed that all hives were affected by S. tricuspis (average 12.12%) and that 60% contained V. destructor, with average infestation rates below 1%. In winter, the only parasite found was V. destructor, with 100% of hives affected and with an average infestation rates of 3.75% in adult bees and 8.6% in breeding combs. In early spring, 15% of hives had Nosema spp. and 90% of hives had V. destructor, being that groups (1 to 4) in which were applied varroa control methods having a mean hive infestation of 2.45% in adult bees and 3.22% in breeding combs. The evaluation of the effectiveness of control methods against varroosis showed that Apilife-Var® was the most effective drug followed by Apivar®, Thymovar® and Apiguard®.
ABSTRACT - The knowledge of the health status of hives and apiaries is a really important tool for the beekeeper in order to obtain a reduction in annual mortality and consequently an increase in the success of beekeeping. The objective of this work consisted in the realization of 3 health studies in an apiary in the central region of Portugal during the season of higher mortality (early Autumn, Winter, and early Spring) in order to obtain information on the real health status of the hives by researching the main etiological agents in the national territory: a) Varroa destructor; b) Nosema spp.; c) Ascosfera apis; d) Senotainia tricuspis and e) Paenibacilus larvae. During the course of this study, 4 approved acaricides against varroose (Apivar®, Thymovar®, Apilife-Var® and Apiguard®) were applied to compare their effectiveness. For this purpose, 20 hives were used, all of them created in the spring before the beginning of the study, subjected to the same management and descending from the same mother colony, in order to reduce possible factors that would cause evaluation errors. After the second health study, 5 groups were created to carry out the application and comparison of the control methods. From group 1 to 4 were applied acaricides and group 5 was used as a control group. In autumn, it was observed that all hives were affected by S. tricuspis (average 12.12%) and that 60% contained V. destructor, with average infestation rates below 1%. In winter, the only parasite found was V. destructor, with 100% of hives affected and with an average infestation rates of 3.75% in adult bees and 8.6% in breeding combs. In early spring, 15% of hives had Nosema spp. and 90% of hives had V. destructor, being that groups (1 to 4) in which were applied varroa control methods having a mean hive infestation of 2.45% in adult bees and 3.22% in breeding combs. The evaluation of the effectiveness of control methods against varroosis showed that Apilife-Var® was the most effective drug followed by Apivar®, Thymovar® and Apiguard®.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Abelha Apicultura Senotainia tricuspis Varroa destructor Nosema spp. Portugal Bee Beekeeping Senotainia tricuspis Varroa destructor Nosema spp. Portugal
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Silva DAD 2021. Estudo sanitário de um apiário da região centro Portugal : identificação, monotorização e controlo dos principais agentes etiológicos [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária