A carregar...
Publicação
Adjuvantes e via de administração no desenvolvimento de vacinas
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 268.3 KB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Esta monografia pretende sintetizar os principais conceitos para o desenvolvimento de novos adjuvantes, novas associações de adjuvantes e novas aplicações para adjuvantes já existentes em vacinas. Os adjuvantes podem potenciar a eficácia e segurança de uma vacina, assim como reduzir a sua toxicidade promovendo uma imunidade mais robusta relativamente às vacinas empregues nas últimas décadas, sendo a maioria adjuvada com sais de alumínio.
De forma a compreender o papel dos adjuvantes na relação entre a imunidade protetora e as vacinas é importante compreender o mecanismo de ação, os fatores que o influenciam e as diferentes respostas desencadeadas pela ativação dos Toll-like Receptors consoante cada adjuvante. Esta é uma área de extensa investigação que visa alcançar o adjuvante ideal, orientado às propriedades da respetiva indicação terapêutica, capaz de estimular uma resposta imunitária forte celular e humoral, sem reatogenicidade.
Serão mais abordadas as vacinas dentro do contexto clínico vacinal português e perante as doenças virais mais incidentes a nível global, e foi enquadrado sempre que possível, as vacinas comercializadas e em estudo nas respetivas categorias de adjuvantes, explicando como cada uma se manifesta no seu envolvimento na ativação da resposta imunitária.
Os adjuvantes mais aprofundados são respetivamente: sais de alumínio, QS-21, ISCOMs, MPLA, MF59, IL-12, MPI, CpG ODNs, AS04 e Algammulin.
As abordagens racionais de otimização e produção de vacinas, em sinergia com as evidências científicas mais promissores, a convergência de perspetivas dos vários campos de investigação e a seleção dos sistemas de administração conforme o cenário mais pertinente podem permitir a preparação racional e inteligente de formulações de vacinas com as propriedades imunoestimulantes procuradas, tamanho das partículas, e carga antigénica. Assim o adjuvante ideal estará cada vez mais próximo de ser formulado e terá um impacto tremendo na imunização da população contra doenças infeciosas.
This abstract aims to summarize the main concepts for the development of new adjuvants, new associations of adjuvants and new applications for existing adjuvants in vaccines. Adjuvants can enhance the efficacy and safety of a vaccine, as well as reduce its toxicity to promote more robust immunity than the vaccines employed in the last decades, most of which were adjuvated with aluminum salts. In order to understand the role of adjuvants in the relationship between protective immunity and vaccines it is important to understand the mechanism of action, the factors that influence it and the different responses triggered by activation of Toll-like receptors depending on each adjuvant. This is an area of extensive research that aims to achieve the ideal adjuvant, targeted to the properties of the respective therapeutic indication, able to stimulate a strong cellular and humoral immune response without reactogenicity. Vaccines within the Portuguese vaccine clinical context and considering the most incident viral diseases globally will be further explored. Whenever possible, the vaccines on the market and under study will be framed in their respective adjuvant category, explaining how each one manifests itself in its involvement in triggering the immune response. The adjuvants that have been further detailed are respectively: aluminum salts, QS-21, ISCOMs, MPLA, MF59, IL-12, MPI, CpG ODNs, AS04 and Algammulin. Rational approaches to vaccine optimization and production, in synergy with the most promising scientific evidence, the convergence of perspectives of the various research fields, and the selection of delivery systems according to the most pertinent scenario can enable the rational and intelligent preparation of vaccine formulations with the desired immunostimulatory properties, particle size, and antigenic load. Thus, the ideal adjuvant will be getting closer to be formulated and will have a tremendous impact on the immunization of the population against infectious diseases.
This abstract aims to summarize the main concepts for the development of new adjuvants, new associations of adjuvants and new applications for existing adjuvants in vaccines. Adjuvants can enhance the efficacy and safety of a vaccine, as well as reduce its toxicity to promote more robust immunity than the vaccines employed in the last decades, most of which were adjuvated with aluminum salts. In order to understand the role of adjuvants in the relationship between protective immunity and vaccines it is important to understand the mechanism of action, the factors that influence it and the different responses triggered by activation of Toll-like receptors depending on each adjuvant. This is an area of extensive research that aims to achieve the ideal adjuvant, targeted to the properties of the respective therapeutic indication, able to stimulate a strong cellular and humoral immune response without reactogenicity. Vaccines within the Portuguese vaccine clinical context and considering the most incident viral diseases globally will be further explored. Whenever possible, the vaccines on the market and under study will be framed in their respective adjuvant category, explaining how each one manifests itself in its involvement in triggering the immune response. The adjuvants that have been further detailed are respectively: aluminum salts, QS-21, ISCOMs, MPLA, MF59, IL-12, MPI, CpG ODNs, AS04 and Algammulin. Rational approaches to vaccine optimization and production, in synergy with the most promising scientific evidence, the convergence of perspectives of the various research fields, and the selection of delivery systems according to the most pertinent scenario can enable the rational and intelligent preparation of vaccine formulations with the desired immunostimulatory properties, particle size, and antigenic load. Thus, the ideal adjuvant will be getting closer to be formulated and will have a tremendous impact on the immunization of the population against infectious diseases.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Categorias de adjuvantes Vacinas Imunidade Doenças infeciosas Sais de alumínio Mestrado integrado - 2021