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Contratações públicas sustentáveis e proteção ambiental : (re)leitura "verde" da atuação do Estado no sistema jurídico brasileiro para construção da cidadania ecológica
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho aborda a aplicação de componentes sustentáveis nas Contratações Públicas na perspectiva do sistema jurídico brasileiro. Desde a “virada ecológica”, especialmente após a Conferência de Estocolmo, as questões sobre o meio ambiente se intensificaram por conta, dentre outros fatores, das preocupações com as alterações climáticas. No Brasil, a Constituição de 1988 foi dotada de elevado grau de proteção ambiental, tendo introduzido distintos dispositivos ao longo do texto e capítulo próprio sobre o assunto, o que deve ser difundido por todo o sistema jurídico em processo de constitucionalização dos direitos. Assim, faz-se a travessia entre os preceitos constitucionais e os institutos jurídicos, por exemplo, do Direito Administrativo como as Contratações Públicas. Desse modo, investiga-se aqui, o potencial das Contratações Públicas, através da consideração do fator ambiental por avaliação de todo o ciclo de vida dos produtos, das medidas de mitigação dos impactos ambientais dos resíduos sólidos e a consideração de fontes renováveis de energia nos processos de produção e de obras e serviços a serem contratados pelo Poder Público. Nesse tanto, desenvolve-se a ideia de que o Estado ao buscar obras, produtos e serviços possui a capacidade de direcionar o mercado para práticas ambientalmente mais sustentáveis, o que, aliás, é uma característica também da atuação dos consumidores em geral, conforme o conceito de Consumo Sustentável. No caso da Administração Pública, potencializa-se ainda mais a situação, posto ser um consumidor em larga escala e, por outro lado, o executor de políticas ambientais. Cumpre destacar também a multiplicidade de oportunidades de aplicação das áreas da sustentabilidade, marcadamente nas dimensões sociais, econômicas e ambientais, nos processos de Contratação Pública. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa discorreu sobre o contexto histórico, político e jurídico da proteção ambiental, as nuances das Contratações Públicas em geral, a inserção da consideração dos custos ambientais (ex. adição das externalidades ambientais negativas) e exemplos práticos de aplicação das Contratações Públicas Sustentáveis e as discussões nos Tribunais de Contas no Brasil.
This paper presents an application of sustainable components in Public Procurement from the perspective of the Brazilian legal system. Since the "ecological turn", especially after a Stockholm Conference, environmental issues intensified, among other factors, because of concerns about climate change. In Brazil, the Constitution of 1988 was endowed with a series of degrees of environmental protection, having introduced different texts throughout the text and being one of the most respected, which should be spread throughout the legal system in the process of constitution of rights. Therefore, the crossing between the constitutional precepts and the legal institutes, for example, of Administrative Law as Public Procurement. In this way, we investigate the potential of Public Procurement, considering the environmental factor by evaluation of the entire product life cycle, measurement of mitigation of impacts, conservation of the effects of renewable sources production processes and works and services are contracted by the Government. In this context, the idea is developed that the State finds resources products and services has the capacity to direct the market towards an environmentally more sustainable practice, which, in fact, is also one of the characteristics of customers in general, as the concept of Sustainable Consumption. In case of the Public Administration, the situation is further strengthened, the utility on a large scale and, on the other hand, the executor of environmental policies. Also fulfilling a multiplicity of opportunities of application of the areas of sustainability, in the social, economic and environmental dimensions in the processes of Public Procurement. In this sense, a survey of the historical, political and legal context of environmental protection, such as the nuances of Public Procurement in general, a list of additional environmental requirements (eg Admission of negative environmental externalities) like practical examples of the application of Sustainable Public Procurement and as discussions in the Audit Courts in Brazil.
This paper presents an application of sustainable components in Public Procurement from the perspective of the Brazilian legal system. Since the "ecological turn", especially after a Stockholm Conference, environmental issues intensified, among other factors, because of concerns about climate change. In Brazil, the Constitution of 1988 was endowed with a series of degrees of environmental protection, having introduced different texts throughout the text and being one of the most respected, which should be spread throughout the legal system in the process of constitution of rights. Therefore, the crossing between the constitutional precepts and the legal institutes, for example, of Administrative Law as Public Procurement. In this way, we investigate the potential of Public Procurement, considering the environmental factor by evaluation of the entire product life cycle, measurement of mitigation of impacts, conservation of the effects of renewable sources production processes and works and services are contracted by the Government. In this context, the idea is developed that the State finds resources products and services has the capacity to direct the market towards an environmentally more sustainable practice, which, in fact, is also one of the characteristics of customers in general, as the concept of Sustainable Consumption. In case of the Public Administration, the situation is further strengthened, the utility on a large scale and, on the other hand, the executor of environmental policies. Also fulfilling a multiplicity of opportunities of application of the areas of sustainability, in the social, economic and environmental dimensions in the processes of Public Procurement. In this sense, a survey of the historical, political and legal context of environmental protection, such as the nuances of Public Procurement in general, a list of additional environmental requirements (eg Admission of negative environmental externalities) like practical examples of the application of Sustainable Public Procurement and as discussions in the Audit Courts in Brazil.
Description
Keywords
Contratação pública Sustentabilidade Estado (Socio)ambiental de Direito Alterações climáticas Acordo de Paris Custo ambiental Energias renováveis Resíduos sólidos Rótulo ecológico Tribunal de contas Brasil Teses de mestrado - 2020