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Abstract(s)
Os coelhos são cada vez mais requisitados como animais de companhia e, por conseguinte, mais frequentes nos centros de atendimento Médico Veterinário. O alojamento dos coelhos em espaços limitados durante um longo período e o maneio sanitário irregular, promovem uma maior exposição a diversos agentes com potencial patogénico, como ectoparasitas, endoparasitas e fungos, o que aliado ao carácter zoonótico de certos agentes, alerta para a necessidade da implementação de boas práticas de controlo destes agentes, numa abordagem de Uma Só Saúde. No período de setembro de 2023 a maio de 2024 foram colhidas amostras fecais, de descamação cutânea e de pelo a um total de 72 coelhos presentes à consulta no HEV- FMV ULisboa ou de origem externa. As amostras fecais recolhidas foram submetidas a técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas de coprologia para identificação de parasitas gastrointestinais. Nas amostras de descamação cutânea realizou-se a pesquisa de ectoparasitas e nas amostras de pelo investigou-se a presença de fungos, posteriormente testados para a expressão fenotípica (DNase, proteinase, biofilme, lecitinase e gelatinase). Registou-se a presença de parasitas gastrointestinais em 58% dos coelhos testados, de ectoparasitas em 10% dos coelhos e de fungos ambientais em 7% dos animais. Neste estudo, salientou-se a necessidade de providenciar melhores condições de higienização, aumentar a interação com o animal de companhia e proceder à desparasitação regular, como condicionantes essenciais para minimizar a incidência de parasitas gastrointestinais. As coccídias foram os parasitas gastrointestinais mais prevalentes, com o maior registo em coelhos jovens. Através da técnica de Mini-FLOTAC foram identificadas as espécies Eimeria exigua, Eimeria magna, E. perforans e Eimeria piriformis com patogenicidade moderada a baixa. Obteve-se uma média de 32 990 oOPG de Eimeria spp. com apenas 12% de coelhos parasitados doentes. Efetivamente, foi possível isolar somente fungos ambientais, nomeadamente Penicillium spp. Rhizopus spp. e Scopulariopsis spp., nos quais o maior índice de virulência foi registado para Scopulariopsis spp. com 60%. Este estudo permitiu evidenciar a diversidade de agentes zoonóticos ou com potencial patogénico para os coelhos e para o agregado familiar que os aloja. Salienta-se a importância das técnicas Mini-FLOTAC, imunofluorescência e a testagem dos fatores de virulência dos fungos ambientais, como exames complementares de diagnóstico a investir futuramente
ABSTRACT - Survey on Gastrointestinal Parasites, Ectoparasites, and Fungi with Potential Pathogenicity in Rabbits - Rabbits are increasingly sought after as companion animals and, consequently, are more frequently seen in Veterinary Medical centers. The housing of rabbits in confined spaces for long periods, along with irregular sanitary management, increases their exposure to various potentially pathogenic agents, such as ectoparasites, endoparasites, and fungi. This, coupled with the zoonotic nature of certain agents, highlights the need to implement effective measures in controlling these agents, within an One Health approach. Between September 2023 and May 2024, fecal, skin scrapings and fur samples were collected from a total of 72 rabbits presented to consultations at HEV-FMV-ULisboa or from external sources. The collected fecal samples underwent qualitative and quantitative coprological techniques to identify gastrointestinal parasites. Skin scrapings were examined for ectoparasites and fur samples were analyzed for fungi, which were then tested for virulence factors (DNase, proteinase, biofilm, lecithinase and gelatinase). The presence of gastrointestinal parasites was detected in 58% of the tested rabbits, ectoparasites in 10% of the rabbits, and environmental fungi in 7% of the rabbits. This study emphasized the need to provide better hygiene conditions, increase interaction with the companion animal and implement regular deworming as essential measures to minimize the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites. Coccidia were the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasites, with the highest incidence observed in young rabbits. Using the innovative Mini FLOTAC technique, the species Eimeria exigua, Eimeria magna, Eimeria perforans and Eimeria piriformis were identified, showing moderate to low pathogenicity. An average of 32.990 oOPG of Eimeria spp. were found, with only 12% of the infected rabbits showing clinical signs of illness. Only environmental fungi were isolated, particularly Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., and Scopulariopsis spp., with the highest virulence index recorded for Scopulariopsis spp. with 60%. This study has demonstrated the diversity of zoonotic agents or those with pathogenic potential for rabbits and the households they inhabit. The importance of Mini-FLOTAC techniques, immunofluorescence and testing virulence factors in environmental fungi is emphasized as complementary diagnostic tools to be further developed in the future
ABSTRACT - Survey on Gastrointestinal Parasites, Ectoparasites, and Fungi with Potential Pathogenicity in Rabbits - Rabbits are increasingly sought after as companion animals and, consequently, are more frequently seen in Veterinary Medical centers. The housing of rabbits in confined spaces for long periods, along with irregular sanitary management, increases their exposure to various potentially pathogenic agents, such as ectoparasites, endoparasites, and fungi. This, coupled with the zoonotic nature of certain agents, highlights the need to implement effective measures in controlling these agents, within an One Health approach. Between September 2023 and May 2024, fecal, skin scrapings and fur samples were collected from a total of 72 rabbits presented to consultations at HEV-FMV-ULisboa or from external sources. The collected fecal samples underwent qualitative and quantitative coprological techniques to identify gastrointestinal parasites. Skin scrapings were examined for ectoparasites and fur samples were analyzed for fungi, which were then tested for virulence factors (DNase, proteinase, biofilm, lecithinase and gelatinase). The presence of gastrointestinal parasites was detected in 58% of the tested rabbits, ectoparasites in 10% of the rabbits, and environmental fungi in 7% of the rabbits. This study emphasized the need to provide better hygiene conditions, increase interaction with the companion animal and implement regular deworming as essential measures to minimize the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites. Coccidia were the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasites, with the highest incidence observed in young rabbits. Using the innovative Mini FLOTAC technique, the species Eimeria exigua, Eimeria magna, Eimeria perforans and Eimeria piriformis were identified, showing moderate to low pathogenicity. An average of 32.990 oOPG of Eimeria spp. were found, with only 12% of the infected rabbits showing clinical signs of illness. Only environmental fungi were isolated, particularly Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., and Scopulariopsis spp., with the highest virulence index recorded for Scopulariopsis spp. with 60%. This study has demonstrated the diversity of zoonotic agents or those with pathogenic potential for rabbits and the households they inhabit. The importance of Mini-FLOTAC techniques, immunofluorescence and testing virulence factors in environmental fungi is emphasized as complementary diagnostic tools to be further developed in the future
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Keywords
Parasitas gastrointestinais Ectoparasitas Fungos ambientais Coccídias Coelho Gastrointestinal parasites Ectoparasites Environmental fungi Coccidia Rabbit
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Vale CSV. 2025. Pesquisa de parasitas gastrointestinais, ectoparasitas e fungos com potencial patogénico em coelhos [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária