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Plantas medicinais com ação na hiperplasia benigna da próstata
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A hiperplasia benigna da próstata é uma condição patológica que hoje em dia leva uma grande preocupação a nível mundial pela sua elevada incidência e complicações associadas que tendem a aumentar com o avanço da idade do homem. Esta patologia é caracterizada por alta morbilidade e baixa taxa de mortalidade, sendo considerada um problema de saúde pública por condicionar significativamente a qualidade de vida do homem e do seu bem-estar.
A terapêutica atual da doença mostra um grande impacto na melhoria dos sintomas e aumento da qualidade de vida do doente, mas por outro lado, com o uso de medicamentos por um período prolongado pode provocar efeitos adversos graves e comorbilidades. A terapêutica não invasiva ou invasiva (cirúrgica) só é recomendada nos casos graves ou pela preferência do doente, mas essa também pode levar alguns riscos e complicações.
Em alternativa a pesquisa mostra que as plantas medicinais podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de métodos da cura e da prevenção das várias patologias. O uso de plantas para curar diversos tipos de doenças humanas tem uma longa história. A consciência de uso de plantas medicinais é o resultado de muitos anos de lutas contra doenças devido às quais o homem aprendeu como encontrar cura utilizando cascas, sementes, frutos, raízes e outras partes das plantas.
Os agentes fitoterápicos têm vindo a ganhar popularidade, principalmente devido a menores efeitos secundários e melhores estratégias de formulação. Segundo dados da OMS, cerca de 80% da população mundial faz uso de algum tipo de planta medicinal na busca de alívio para alguma sintomatologia dolorosa ou desagradável.
O presente trabalho tem por finalidade abordar as características de algumas plantas medicinais, sua origem, aplicações, ensaios pré-clínicos e clínicos, toxicidade, efeitos secundários e indicações terapêuticas no tratamento de hiperplasia benigna da próstata. Com o intuito de se obter um profundo entendimento do tema, neste trabalho foram pesquisados os aspetos anatômicos e fisiopatológicos da doença. Além disso, foram investigados os fatores de risco, as manifestações clínicas, as complicações, os meios de diagnósticos e atual terapêutica medicamentosa e cirúrgica bem como a vigilância ativa do paciente.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a pathological condition that today is of great concern worldwide due to its high incidence and associated complications that tend to increase with advancing age in men. This pathology is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality rate, being considered a public health problem as it significantly affects the quality of life of men and their well-being. Current therapy for the disease shows a great impact on improving symptoms and increasing the patient's quality of life, but on the other hand, the use of medication for a long period can cause serious adverse effects and comorbidities. Non-invasive or invasive (surgical) therapy is only recommended in severe cases or due to the patient's preference, but this can also lead to some risks and complications. Alternatively, research shows that medicinal plants can contribute to the development of methods for the cure and prevention of various pathologies. The use of plants to cure many types of human ailments has a long history. The awareness of the use of medicinal plants is the result of many years of struggles against diseases, in which man has learned how to find a cure using bark, seeds, fruits, roots and other parts of plants. Herbal agents have been gaining in popularity, mainly due to fewer side effects and better formulation strategies. According to WHO data, around 80% of the world population uses some type of medicinal plant to seek relief from any painful or unpleasant symptoms. The present work aims to address the characteristics of some medicinal plants, their origin, applications, pre-clinical and clinical trials, toxicity, side effects and therapeutic indications in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In order to obtain a deep understanding of the subject, in this work the anatomical and pathophysiological aspects of the disease were researched. In addition, risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications, means of diagnosis and current drug and surgical therapy, as well as active patient surveillance, were investigated.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a pathological condition that today is of great concern worldwide due to its high incidence and associated complications that tend to increase with advancing age in men. This pathology is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality rate, being considered a public health problem as it significantly affects the quality of life of men and their well-being. Current therapy for the disease shows a great impact on improving symptoms and increasing the patient's quality of life, but on the other hand, the use of medication for a long period can cause serious adverse effects and comorbidities. Non-invasive or invasive (surgical) therapy is only recommended in severe cases or due to the patient's preference, but this can also lead to some risks and complications. Alternatively, research shows that medicinal plants can contribute to the development of methods for the cure and prevention of various pathologies. The use of plants to cure many types of human ailments has a long history. The awareness of the use of medicinal plants is the result of many years of struggles against diseases, in which man has learned how to find a cure using bark, seeds, fruits, roots and other parts of plants. Herbal agents have been gaining in popularity, mainly due to fewer side effects and better formulation strategies. According to WHO data, around 80% of the world population uses some type of medicinal plant to seek relief from any painful or unpleasant symptoms. The present work aims to address the characteristics of some medicinal plants, their origin, applications, pre-clinical and clinical trials, toxicity, side effects and therapeutic indications in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In order to obtain a deep understanding of the subject, in this work the anatomical and pathophysiological aspects of the disease were researched. In addition, risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications, means of diagnosis and current drug and surgical therapy, as well as active patient surveillance, were investigated.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Doenças da próstata Hiperplasia benigna da próstata Obstrução do fluxo urinário Plantas medicinais Fitoterapia Mestrado integrado - 2021