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Arquitetura religiosa e poder : A manifestação do poder na arquitetura das igrejas do Século XVIII na Capitania de Minas Gerais no Brasil e em Portugal
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A arquitetura e mais precisamente a arquitetura religiosa manifesta questões sociais culturais que se transformam ao longo da história da humanidade se adaptando ao contexto em que está inserida. Esta investigação pretende analisar de que maneira o poder se manifesta nos elementos constituintes das igrejas do mundo luso, especificamente em Portugal, nas cidades de Lisboa a Porto, e no Brasil, na capitania de Minas Gerais em Vila Rica (atual Ouro Preto) e no Arraial do Tijuco (atual Diamantina). Para isso construiu-se a hipótese de que as estratégias da arquitetura religiosa para expressão do poder da Igreja foram as mesmas tanto em Portugal como em Minas Gerais, no século XVIII, porém adaptadas aos contextos em que foram inseridas. Na verificação desta hipótese, considerou-se o edifício como principal fonte documental norteada pela École des Annales. Foram levantadas todas as igrejas existentes no núcleo urbano das cidades e suas respectivas datas de construção e/ou reconstrução, e uma posterior triagem que culminou em vinte e três edifícios do século XVIII. A pesquisa se fundamenta em conceitos e teorias de análise de projeto e seus elementos constituintes como Vitrúvio, Simon Unwin, Geoffrey H. Baker na compreensão da sua função e significado na percepção social, além de trabalhos mais empíricos de análise do edifício e a cidade como Cláudia Damasceno Fonseca, LOBO, M. D. C., & SIMÕES JUNIOR, J. G. ́ entre outros. Este trabalho é também fundamentado nos conceitos de discurso e poder através de Aristóteles, Michael Foucault, e Max Weber. A metodologia empregada se pautou na análise dos elementos arquitetónicos selecionados nas igrejas em Lisboa, Porto, Vila Rica e Tijuco. Essa análise partiu dos conceitos dos autores supracitados e fez uso também do discurso de poder tendo como base a presença ou não dos elementos arquitetônicos selecionados e sua relevância na composição do edifício. Essa observação foi feita através de pesquisa em in loco dos edifícios e levantamento de documentos textuais e fotográficos. Na falta de muitos dos elementos gráficos, se fez necessário a produção destes, como plantas baixa e fachadas. Comparando os casos de Portugal e posteriormente os casos de Minas Gerais, passou-se a compará-los entre si. Dessas análises comparativas, concluiu-se que existem similaridades de recursos arquitetônicos entre Portugal e Minas Gerais, porém, em virtude das condições particulares de cada região, identificou-se que nos casos mineiros, o discurso de poder é mais contundente, em virtude da necessidade de se estabelecer em terras inóspitas e na condição em Minas Gerais como uma terra virgem onde se poderia partir do zero sem interferências de questões já consolidadas no território.
Architecture, specially religious architecture, manifests social and cultural issues which change along the course of human History, adapting to its surrounding context. This thesis proposes to investigate and analyze in which ways Power is shown in the elements that build the churches in the Luso-world, mainly the cities of Porto and Lisboa, in Portugal and Vila Rica (currently Ouro Preto) and Arraial do Tijuco (currently Diamantina), both cities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In order to achieve this goal, this study bases itself on the hypothesis that the Architecture Strategies used in the XVIII century to express the power of the Church were the same used in Portugal and Brazil, but adapted to the context of each place. Following the guidelines of the Ècole des Annales, the building was considered the main source of documental investigation. Every church in the central urban area of the cities above was assessed and their building and renovation dates documented. These data were analyzed, resulting in 23 buildings from the XVIII century to be studied. This research is based on the concepts and theories of Architecture analysis and its forming elements such as the ones from Vitrúvio, Simon Unwin and Geoffrey H. Baker, in their comprehension of the function and the social perception of the buildings. Empirical works thar analyze the building and the city, such the ones of Cláudia Damasceno Fonseca, LOBO, M. D. C., & SIMÕES JUŃ IOR, J. G. were also used in the developing of this work. The concepts of discourse and power as presented by Aristotle, Michael Foucault, e Max Weber were also used in this work. The methodology employed is centered in the analysis of the architectural elements of the selected buildings in Lisboa, Porto, Vila Rica e Tijuco, which form a power discourse based on the authors above, being this present or not, and its relevance in the overall building composition. This observations were made through in loco research and the gathering of texts and photographs. Since the lack of drawing documentation, it was necessary to produce them, such as plans and façades. Comparing the data gathered in Portugal and Minas Gerais, we reached the conclusion that, in spite of the many similarities between their architectural resources, the particular circumstances in each of theses places lead to different responses: the power discourse in Minas Gerais is more overwhelming because of the necessity of establishing in a inhospitable environment, a strange land where one could start fresh without prior consolidated issues.
Architecture, specially religious architecture, manifests social and cultural issues which change along the course of human History, adapting to its surrounding context. This thesis proposes to investigate and analyze in which ways Power is shown in the elements that build the churches in the Luso-world, mainly the cities of Porto and Lisboa, in Portugal and Vila Rica (currently Ouro Preto) and Arraial do Tijuco (currently Diamantina), both cities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In order to achieve this goal, this study bases itself on the hypothesis that the Architecture Strategies used in the XVIII century to express the power of the Church were the same used in Portugal and Brazil, but adapted to the context of each place. Following the guidelines of the Ècole des Annales, the building was considered the main source of documental investigation. Every church in the central urban area of the cities above was assessed and their building and renovation dates documented. These data were analyzed, resulting in 23 buildings from the XVIII century to be studied. This research is based on the concepts and theories of Architecture analysis and its forming elements such as the ones from Vitrúvio, Simon Unwin and Geoffrey H. Baker, in their comprehension of the function and the social perception of the buildings. Empirical works thar analyze the building and the city, such the ones of Cláudia Damasceno Fonseca, LOBO, M. D. C., & SIMÕES JUŃ IOR, J. G. were also used in the developing of this work. The concepts of discourse and power as presented by Aristotle, Michael Foucault, e Max Weber were also used in this work. The methodology employed is centered in the analysis of the architectural elements of the selected buildings in Lisboa, Porto, Vila Rica e Tijuco, which form a power discourse based on the authors above, being this present or not, and its relevance in the overall building composition. This observations were made through in loco research and the gathering of texts and photographs. Since the lack of drawing documentation, it was necessary to produce them, such as plans and façades. Comparing the data gathered in Portugal and Minas Gerais, we reached the conclusion that, in spite of the many similarities between their architectural resources, the particular circumstances in each of theses places lead to different responses: the power discourse in Minas Gerais is more overwhelming because of the necessity of establishing in a inhospitable environment, a strange land where one could start fresh without prior consolidated issues.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento. Arquitetura (Teoria e História). Faculdade de Arquitetura.2023
Palavras-chave
Arquitetura religiosa Poder Século XVIII Minas Gerais Portugal Religious architecture Power 18th century
Contexto Educativo
Citação
VASCONCELLOS, Fábio Azevedo - Arquitetura religiosa e poder: A manifestação do poder na arquitetura das igrejas do século XVIII na Capitania de Minas Gerais no Brasil e em Portugal - Lisboa : FA, 2023. Tese de Doutoramento.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura