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Do Halotolerant Mycorrhizae contribute to Halophyte Limonium species growth in saline conditions?
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A salinização antrópica do solo é uma preocupação a nível global com consequências prejudiciais para os ecossistemas e para a agricultura. Um problema de salinidade existe quando elevadas concentrações de sais solúveis se acumulam na rizosfera das culturas causando perda de produtividade. O cultivo de espécies halófilas e o uso de tecnologias microbianas são alternativas sustentáveis em áreas afetadas pela salinização. Para testar o cultivo de espécies de Limonium halófilas (lavandas-do-mar) em condições salinas de 200 mM de NaCl e os efeitos da inoculação com micorrizas autóctones de um ecossistema salino, foi estabelecido um ensaio experimental em estufa. Recorrendo a parâmetros fisiológicos, foi monitorizado o crescimento e o desempenho das plantas, inoculadas ou não e regadas com água da torneira e água salina, durante um ano. Embora no início do ensaio a água salina tenha potenciado efeitos positivos e prolongado a duração da floração, a exposição prolongada diminuiu o crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo das plantas. Neste estudo, descreve-se o comportamento iso-hídrico de Limonium daveaui e Limonium algarvense em condições salinas. Relativamente à inoculação com micorrizas halotolerantes, embora os efeitos não tenham sido significativos para ambas as espécies em todas as datas consideradas, os resultados positivos no desenvolvimento das plantas foram evidentes. As plantas inoculadas apresentaram valores superiores de condutância estomática, melhoria na capacidade de termorregulação, consumiram mais água e potencialmente exibiram taxas fotossintéticas mais elevadas. O desenvolvimento reprodutivo foi também beneficiado nestas plantas, originando mais flores e sementes. Durante o ensaio não foram detetados efeitos negativos da relação simbiótica. Estes resultados suportam a possibilidade de cultivar plantas de Limonium halófilas em condições salinas e a aplicação de tecnologias microbianas que promovam o crescimento das culturas e a tolerância à salinidade. Realça-se o cultivo futuro de lavandas-do-mar com diversas aplicações, contribuindo para o uso sustentável e conservação de solos afetados pela salinização.
Soil salinization is an important global issue with harmful consequences for ecosystems and agriculture. A salinity problem exists if salt accumulates in the crop root zone to a concentration that causes a loss in yield. Sustainable approaches for salt-affected areas include cultivation of halophyte species and application of microbial technologies such as inoculation with halotolerant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that promote plant growth and development and salt tolerance. To explore the possibility of cultivating halophyte Limonium species (sea lavenders) in saline conditions at 200 mM NaCl, along with plants inoculation with autochthonous symbiotic fungi from a reference saline ecosystem (e.g., a saltmarsh), an experimental assay was established under greenhouse conditions. Through several physiological parameters, in non-inoculated and inoculated plants irrigated with tap and saline water, plant performance and vegetative and reproductive growth were monitored during one year. Although saline water irrigation have been positive in the beginning of the experiment and led to an extended flowering duration, continued saline exposure resulted in an impaired plant growth. An isohydric response was described for Limonium daveaui and Limonium algarvense in saline conditions. Regarding microbial inoculation, although significant effects were only observed in both Limonium species on some monitoring dates, positive results in plant performance were evident. Inoculated plants had higher stomatal conductance, improved thermoregulation ability, consumed more water and potentially had higher photosynthetic rates than non-inoculated plants. The enhanced reproductive development in inoculated plants, with higher flower production and seed percentage, was also revealed. During the experiment, negative effects of mycorrhizae inoculation were never detected. These findings support the successful cultivation of halophyte Limonium species under saline conditions while applying sustainable microbial technologies. This study raises knowledge for future cultivation of sea lavenders with several purposes contributing to salt-affected land management.
Soil salinization is an important global issue with harmful consequences for ecosystems and agriculture. A salinity problem exists if salt accumulates in the crop root zone to a concentration that causes a loss in yield. Sustainable approaches for salt-affected areas include cultivation of halophyte species and application of microbial technologies such as inoculation with halotolerant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that promote plant growth and development and salt tolerance. To explore the possibility of cultivating halophyte Limonium species (sea lavenders) in saline conditions at 200 mM NaCl, along with plants inoculation with autochthonous symbiotic fungi from a reference saline ecosystem (e.g., a saltmarsh), an experimental assay was established under greenhouse conditions. Through several physiological parameters, in non-inoculated and inoculated plants irrigated with tap and saline water, plant performance and vegetative and reproductive growth were monitored during one year. Although saline water irrigation have been positive in the beginning of the experiment and led to an extended flowering duration, continued saline exposure resulted in an impaired plant growth. An isohydric response was described for Limonium daveaui and Limonium algarvense in saline conditions. Regarding microbial inoculation, although significant effects were only observed in both Limonium species on some monitoring dates, positive results in plant performance were evident. Inoculated plants had higher stomatal conductance, improved thermoregulation ability, consumed more water and potentially had higher photosynthetic rates than non-inoculated plants. The enhanced reproductive development in inoculated plants, with higher flower production and seed percentage, was also revealed. During the experiment, negative effects of mycorrhizae inoculation were never detected. These findings support the successful cultivation of halophyte Limonium species under saline conditions while applying sustainable microbial technologies. This study raises knowledge for future cultivation of sea lavenders with several purposes contributing to salt-affected land management.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
salinity arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi sea lavenders physiological status plant reproduction salinidade fungos micorrízicos arbusculares lavandas-do-mar estado fisiológico reprodução