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Lipidose hepática felina : estudo retrospetivo
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A Lipidose Hepática Felina (LHF) é a doença hepatobiliar mais comum em gatos adultos, caracterizada pela acumulação excessiva de triglicéridos nos hepatócitos, podendo ser fatal se não for tratada precocemente. Surge geralmente de forma secundária a doenças que provocam anorexia prolongada e um balanço energético negativo. Neste estudo, de carácter retrospetivo, pretendeu-se caraterizar uma amostra de 50 gatos diagnosticados com lipidose hepática, entre janeiro de 2018 e outubro de 2024 comparando os resultados obtidos com os já existentes na bibliografia. Foram incluídos no estudo os gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos, laboratoriais e ecográficos compatíveis com LHF. A idade média da amostra foi de 9 anos, existindo um maior número de fêmeas (54%), 96% eram esterilizados, domésticos de pêlo curto e com um estilo de vida interior. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentemente referidos na história clínica foram a anorexia (96%) e perda de peso (92%). No exame físico, a desidratação (88%), a icterícia (82%), a dor abdominal (50%) e a náusea (24%) foram as alterações mais comuns. Também, observaram se elevações constantes das enzimas hepáticas como a fosfatase alcalina sérica (94%) e alanina aminotransferase (86%), assim como na bilirrubina (96%). Na ecografia, a observação de hiperecogenicidade do parênquima hepático relativamente à gordura falciforme foi o sinal ecográfico mais prevalente (74%). Neste estudo não se encontraram registos relativos à realização de citologias nem biópsias para diagnóstico da LHF. A LHF secundária (56%) teve como doenças primárias, mais frequentes, a pancreatite, a diabetes mellitus e as neoplasias. Em contrapartida, a LHF idiopática e primária estiveram ambas presentes em 22% da amostra. A abordagem terapêutica incluiu a colocação de sonda de alimentação em 66% da amostra dos animais estudados, recorreu-se à fluidoterapia, realizou-se para o maneio da dor buprenorfina (90%) e utilizaram-se outros fármacos para controlo da sintomatologia e tratamento da causa subjacente. Este estudo veio reforçar a importância da identificação das doenças concomitantes à LHF. Assim, demonstrou-se mais uma vez a suscetibilidade desta espécie ao stresse, uma vez que mínimas mudanças no ambiente destes animais foram o suficiente para levarem ao aparecimento da doença. As principais limitações deste estudo foram a ausência de informação em algumas fichas clínicas e o facto de não existir um grupo controlo
Feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL) is the most common hepatobiliary disease in adult cats, characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, and can be fatal if not treated promptly. It typically develops secondarily to conditions that cause prolonged anorexia and a negative energy balance. This retrospective study aimed to characterize a sample of 50 cats diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis between January 2018 and October 2024, comparing the findings with those previously reported in the literature. Only cats presenting clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings compatible with FHL were included. The mean age of the sample was 9 years, with a higher proportion of females (54%); 96% were neutered, domestic shorthair, and lived exclusively indoors. The most commonly reported clinical signs at presentation were anorexia (96%) and weight loss (92%). On physical examination, dehydration (88%), jaundice (82%), abdominal pain (50%) and nausea (24%) were the most frequent findings. Consistent elevations of hepatic enzymes, including serum alkaline phosphatase (94%) and alanine aminotransferase (86%), as well as bilirubin (96%), were observed. On ultrasound, increased hepatic parenchymal echogenicity relative to falciform fat was the most prevalent ultrasonographic finding (74%). No cytology or biopsy records were available for diagnostic confirmation of FHL. Secondary FHL (56%) was most frequently associated with pancreatitis, diabetes, mellitus and neoplasia. Idiopathic and primary FHL each accounted for 22% of the cases. Therapeutic management included the placement of a feeding tube in 66% of the cats, fluid therapy, pain control with buprenorphine (90%), and additional medications to manage clinical signs and treat underlying diseases. This study reinforces the importance of identifying concurrent conditions in cats with FHL and highlights the species’ marked susceptibility to stress, as even minimal environmental changes were sufficient to trigger disease development. The main limitations of this study were the lack of complete information in some medical records and the absence of a control group
Feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL) is the most common hepatobiliary disease in adult cats, characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, and can be fatal if not treated promptly. It typically develops secondarily to conditions that cause prolonged anorexia and a negative energy balance. This retrospective study aimed to characterize a sample of 50 cats diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis between January 2018 and October 2024, comparing the findings with those previously reported in the literature. Only cats presenting clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings compatible with FHL were included. The mean age of the sample was 9 years, with a higher proportion of females (54%); 96% were neutered, domestic shorthair, and lived exclusively indoors. The most commonly reported clinical signs at presentation were anorexia (96%) and weight loss (92%). On physical examination, dehydration (88%), jaundice (82%), abdominal pain (50%) and nausea (24%) were the most frequent findings. Consistent elevations of hepatic enzymes, including serum alkaline phosphatase (94%) and alanine aminotransferase (86%), as well as bilirubin (96%), were observed. On ultrasound, increased hepatic parenchymal echogenicity relative to falciform fat was the most prevalent ultrasonographic finding (74%). No cytology or biopsy records were available for diagnostic confirmation of FHL. Secondary FHL (56%) was most frequently associated with pancreatitis, diabetes, mellitus and neoplasia. Idiopathic and primary FHL each accounted for 22% of the cases. Therapeutic management included the placement of a feeding tube in 66% of the cats, fluid therapy, pain control with buprenorphine (90%), and additional medications to manage clinical signs and treat underlying diseases. This study reinforces the importance of identifying concurrent conditions in cats with FHL and highlights the species’ marked susceptibility to stress, as even minimal environmental changes were sufficient to trigger disease development. The main limitations of this study were the lack of complete information in some medical records and the absence of a control group
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Clínica
Palavras-chave
Lipidose Anorexia Gato Lipidosis Anorexia Cat