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A liberdade religiosa da criança no exercício das responsabilidades parentais
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A presente dissertação analisa a liberdade religiosa da criança no exercício das responsabilidades parentais, com enfoque nas crianças com idade inferior a 16 anos, à luz do ordenamento jurídico português. Parte-se do reconhecimento de que, embora a liberdade religiosa seja um direito fundamental amplamente protegido pela Constituição da República Portuguesa, pela Lei da Liberdade Religiosa e por tratados internacionais, a doutrina nacional ainda oferece poucos subsídios específicos sobre sua aplicação à infância. Com base nesse vazio normativo, o estudo adota uma abordagem analógica e sistematizadora, conjugando análise dogmática da legislação vigente, jurisprudência nacional e internacional (com destaque para decisões do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos) e o princípio da autonomia progressiva da criança. O trabalho conclui que a orientação religiosa configura uma questão de particular importância no âmbito das responsabilidades parentais, devendo ser decidida por ambos os progenitores e com consideração pela maturidade da criança. Além disso, verifica-se que práticas religiosas que coloquem em risco a saúde, a educação ou o bem-estar da criança justificam a intervenção do Estado, nos termos da Lei n.º 147/99. Como contribuições principais, a dissertação propõe o fortalecimento da mediação familiar nos conflitos religiosos, a definição de critérios objetivos para intervenção judicial e a ampliação dos mecanismos de escuta da criança. Defende-se, por fim, que a educação religiosa deve ocorrer em ambiente de equilíbrio entre a autoridade parental, o respeito à liberdade da criança e a atuação proporcional do Estado, garantindo que a fé seja transmitida com responsabilidade, e não imposta sem escuta.
This dissertation analyzes the religious freedom of the child within the scope of parental responsibilities, with a focus on children under the age of 16, under Portuguese law. It starts from the recognition that, although religious freedom is a fundamental right widely protected by the Portuguese Constitution, the Religious Freedom Act and international treaties, Portuguese legal doctrine still offers limited specific guidance on its application to children. In light of this doctrinal gap, the study adopts an analogical and systematizing approach, combining dogmatic analysis of the applicable legal framework, national and international case law (with emphasis on decisions from the European Court of Human Rights), and the principle of the child’s evolving capacities. The research concludes that religious upbringing is considered a matter of particular importance within parental responsibilities, requiring joint decision-making by both parents and consideration of the child’s maturity. Furthermore, religious practices that endanger the child’s health, education or well-being justify State intervention, under the terms of Law no. 147/99. As main contributions, the dissertation proposes strengthening family mediation in religious conflicts, adopting objective criteria for judicial intervention, and reinforcing mechanisms for hearing the child’s voice in legal proceedings. In conclusion, it argues that religious education should occur in a balanced environment that respects both parental authority and the child’s freedom, with the State acting in a protective but proportionate manner — ensuring that faith is transmitted with responsibility, not imposed without dialogue.
This dissertation analyzes the religious freedom of the child within the scope of parental responsibilities, with a focus on children under the age of 16, under Portuguese law. It starts from the recognition that, although religious freedom is a fundamental right widely protected by the Portuguese Constitution, the Religious Freedom Act and international treaties, Portuguese legal doctrine still offers limited specific guidance on its application to children. In light of this doctrinal gap, the study adopts an analogical and systematizing approach, combining dogmatic analysis of the applicable legal framework, national and international case law (with emphasis on decisions from the European Court of Human Rights), and the principle of the child’s evolving capacities. The research concludes that religious upbringing is considered a matter of particular importance within parental responsibilities, requiring joint decision-making by both parents and consideration of the child’s maturity. Furthermore, religious practices that endanger the child’s health, education or well-being justify State intervention, under the terms of Law no. 147/99. As main contributions, the dissertation proposes strengthening family mediation in religious conflicts, adopting objective criteria for judicial intervention, and reinforcing mechanisms for hearing the child’s voice in legal proceedings. In conclusion, it argues that religious education should occur in a balanced environment that respects both parental authority and the child’s freedom, with the State acting in a protective but proportionate manner — ensuring that faith is transmitted with responsibility, not imposed without dialogue.
Descrição
Direito e Ciência Jurídica
Palavras-chave
Liberdade religiosa Crianças Responsabilidade parental Superior interesse da criança Teses de mestrado - 2026