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Alterações rinológicas na idade avançada
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O nariz do idoso apresenta consideráveis diferenças comparativamente com o do adulto jovem, particularmente a 3 níveis: nas estruturas de suporte, na mucosa e no sistema olfactivo. Estas modificações têm grande prevalência na população idosa e aumentam com a idade, dificultam o diagnóstico de doenças que afectam esta estrutura. Por estas razões, revela-se importante conhecê-las.
Para a realização da pesquisa recorreu-se aos motores de busca Google Scholar e Pubmeb com as seguintes palavras-chave: “aging nose”, “rhinitis in the elderly”, “geriatric nasal symptoms”, “rhinology modifications with age” e “age-related airway problems”.
O nariz do idoso encontra-se naturalmente mais caído e obstruído pelo enfraquecimento das cartilagens de suporte. Adicionalmente encontra-se também mais seco, pela depleção das glândulas submucosas, assim como pela diminuição da percentagem corporal de água e a sua deficiente ingestão, comum entre idosos. Contudo, podem ocorrer episódios paroxísticos de coriza profusa por disfunção autonómica com predomínio do parassimpático. Verifica-se também nos indivíduos desta idade diminuição do olfacto por diversos factores. Para além da redução da qualidade de vida, poderá ser o primeiro sinal de patologias neurológicas graves, cuja actuação precoce é muito benéfica.
A utilização crescente dos serviços médicos pela população idosa é transversal a quase todas as especialidades médicas. Por esta razão, é importante, particularmente para os otorrinolaringologistas, saber interpretar as suas principais queixas, com vista a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos seus doentes de maior idade.
The nose of the elderly has considerable differences compared with the one of a young adult, mainly at 3 levels: external surface, mucous membrane and smell impairment. These changes occur frequently in older people and tend to increase with age, making it difficult to correctly diagnose diseases that affect this structure, hence why knowing them is important. An online search was conducted using Google Scholar and Pubmed with the following key words: “aging nose”, “rhinitis in the elderly”, “geriatric nasal symptoms”, “rhinology modifications with age” and “age-related airway problems”. A fallen and obstructive nose is a common finding in the elderly, due to weakening of the cartilages that support it. Additionally, the nose is often dry, owing to the reduced number of submucosal glands, decrease body water percentage and its inadequate ingestion. However, even though it is usually dry, intense episodes of nasal drainage may occur, as a result of autonomic dysfunction with the parasympathetic system playing a major role. It is also often seen in the elderly a decrease in olfactory function. This loss of function, besides reducing the quality of life of the patients, could be the first sign of important neurological diseases. These illnesses, if treated in early stages, can have good prognosis. Almost all areas of medicine have seen growing numbers of elderly patients in their services. For this reason, it is important to know, how to identify the main symptoms and complains of this age group, so that better health care can be provided.
The nose of the elderly has considerable differences compared with the one of a young adult, mainly at 3 levels: external surface, mucous membrane and smell impairment. These changes occur frequently in older people and tend to increase with age, making it difficult to correctly diagnose diseases that affect this structure, hence why knowing them is important. An online search was conducted using Google Scholar and Pubmed with the following key words: “aging nose”, “rhinitis in the elderly”, “geriatric nasal symptoms”, “rhinology modifications with age” and “age-related airway problems”. A fallen and obstructive nose is a common finding in the elderly, due to weakening of the cartilages that support it. Additionally, the nose is often dry, owing to the reduced number of submucosal glands, decrease body water percentage and its inadequate ingestion. However, even though it is usually dry, intense episodes of nasal drainage may occur, as a result of autonomic dysfunction with the parasympathetic system playing a major role. It is also often seen in the elderly a decrease in olfactory function. This loss of function, besides reducing the quality of life of the patients, could be the first sign of important neurological diseases. These illnesses, if treated in early stages, can have good prognosis. Almost all areas of medicine have seen growing numbers of elderly patients in their services. For this reason, it is important to know, how to identify the main symptoms and complains of this age group, so that better health care can be provided.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017
Palavras-chave
Nariz do idoso Rinite no idoso Rinologia no idoso Otorrinolaringologia