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Responsabilidade objetiva e dano : uma hipótese de reconstrução sistemática
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Abstract(s)
Versa a presente investigação sobre a conformação jurídica hodierna do instituto da responsabilidade civil objetiva, especialmente tendo em vista a necessidade de se propor a ressistematização da sua estrutura e a racionalização do seu emprego. O alargamento da imputação objetiva no curso do século XX, o que se deu por intermédio da previsão de situações supostamente especiais, contribui para a sua fragmentariedade e, por conseguinte, para o comprometimento da ideia de conjunto. Visa-se, assim, propor uma reconstrução sistemática da responsabilidade civil objetiva enquanto categoria jurídica, extraindo-se das variadas situações em que se verifica elementos comuns que, por meio de uma revisão dogmática, permitam adaptar os seus termos a um uso adequado e eficiente. Para tanto, no primeiro capítulo, será apresentada uma revisão da atual noção jurídica responsabilidade civil, o que será feito por intermédio do exame da evolução dos seus termos, especialmente tendo em conta o confronto entre imputação por culpa e imputação objetiva e o papel de cada uma no delineamento dos contornos do instituto. No segundo capítulo, pretende-se apresentar um fundamento unitário de legitimação para a responsabilidade objetiva nas suas variadas manifestações, analisando o papel do risco, da equidade, da prevenção e da solidariedade e a (in)suficiência de cada um deles para esta tarefa. No terceiro capítulo, intenta-se revisar a dogmática dos pressupostos do dever de indenizar, com o objetivo de traçar uma estrutura própria que atenda as peculiaridades da responsabilidade objetiva. No último capítulo, à vista o percurso trilhado, pretende-se apresentar as bases sobre as quais se funda o regime geral que se está a propor, ressistematizando os seus termos (fundamento, estrutura e função) e demonstrando a sua validade diante de uma situação concreta de imputação. O método da investigação será o analítico, com recurso ao estudo do direito comparado, situando-a no âmbito normativo dos sistemas jurídicos italiano, português e brasileiro, tendo em conta as suas proximidades e a viabilidade de que, nas suas diferenças, possam-se propor novas soluções ao instituto em exame.
This investigation refers to the current legal framework of the institute of strict civil liability, especially given the need to propose a re-systematization of its structure and rationalization of its application. The expansion of objective imputation over the course of the 21st century required the rethinking of the very idea of liability currently in effect. Particularly, because this occurred by means of the provision of supposedly special and, consequently, fragmentary situations, which jeopardized its idea of an aggregate. Therefore, the aim is to propose a systematic reconstruction of strict civil liability as a whole, by extracting, from a variety of situations verified, common elements that, by means of a dogmatic review, allow the adaptation of its terms to adequate and efficient use. Bearing this in mind, the study begins with a review of the current notion of civil liability, examining the paths followed in its construction and the inevitable parallel that has been established between strict and objective liability. Next, it is necessary to determine the existence of a uniform basis of legitimation for its most varied expressions, which is proposed in structured terms. The next step is to present an overview of the necessary requirements for the creation of the corresponding obligation bond, reviewing widely recognized traditional requirements to bring them into line with the actual needs of imputation without fault. After that, considerations are made regarding the viability of proposing a general strict civil liability system, with the presentation of its re-systematized terms and the experimentation of its use, with a view to proving its validity. For such purpose, the analytical method is to be adopted, resorting to the study of comparative law, placing the research on the normative level of the Italian, Portuguese and Brazilian legal systems, taking into account their closeness and the feasibility that - amidst their differences - new legal solutions may be proposed to the institute under analysis.
This investigation refers to the current legal framework of the institute of strict civil liability, especially given the need to propose a re-systematization of its structure and rationalization of its application. The expansion of objective imputation over the course of the 21st century required the rethinking of the very idea of liability currently in effect. Particularly, because this occurred by means of the provision of supposedly special and, consequently, fragmentary situations, which jeopardized its idea of an aggregate. Therefore, the aim is to propose a systematic reconstruction of strict civil liability as a whole, by extracting, from a variety of situations verified, common elements that, by means of a dogmatic review, allow the adaptation of its terms to adequate and efficient use. Bearing this in mind, the study begins with a review of the current notion of civil liability, examining the paths followed in its construction and the inevitable parallel that has been established between strict and objective liability. Next, it is necessary to determine the existence of a uniform basis of legitimation for its most varied expressions, which is proposed in structured terms. The next step is to present an overview of the necessary requirements for the creation of the corresponding obligation bond, reviewing widely recognized traditional requirements to bring them into line with the actual needs of imputation without fault. After that, considerations are made regarding the viability of proposing a general strict civil liability system, with the presentation of its re-systematized terms and the experimentation of its use, with a view to proving its validity. For such purpose, the analytical method is to be adopted, resorting to the study of comparative law, placing the research on the normative level of the Italian, Portuguese and Brazilian legal systems, taking into account their closeness and the feasibility that - amidst their differences - new legal solutions may be proposed to the institute under analysis.
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Keywords
Direito civil Responsabilidade civil Imputação objetiva Dano Reparação Civil law Tort law Strict liability Damage Redress