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Publication
Da intelligence financeira na prevenção do branqueamento de capitais e sua validade em processo penal
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| 2.15 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Com o nosso estudo refletimos sobre a natureza da intelligence financeira produzida ao abrigo do regime da prevenção do branqueamento de capitais, enquanto um tipo de informação dotado de sentido e valor próprio orientado à identificação e caraterização preventiva de fenómenos criminais, para procurar aferir da sua admissibilidade em processo penal, enquanto recurso para a investigação da criminalidade organizada e económico-financeira.
Tendo por base a sistematização do direito vigente, instrumentos de direito internacional, a doutrina e a jurisprudência nacionais e elementos de direito comparado, analisamos de forma crítica as principais medidas acolhidas pelo legislador na Lei n.º 83/2017, de 18 de agosto, densificando e delimitando o âmbito do conceito à luz das competências da Unidade de Informação Financeira enquanto unidade nacional com competência para analisar e produzir intelligence financeira e aferir da sua validade como meio de prova em processo penal.
Neste percurso tentaremos demonstrar que o regime legal padece de clareza e congruência, revelando fragilidades que favorecem interpretações controversas e permeáveis a posições que contendem com as garantias do processo criminal, do acusatório e do contraditório, e a proteção de direitos fundamentais, deixando antever um certo balanceamento aos ideais da investigação da criminalidade em geral e da recolha de prova, ainda que estruturalmente concebido para regular a identificação e caraterização de metodologias e novas tendências associadas à prevenção do branqueamento e de atividades de financiamento do terrorismo.
With our study we reflect on the nature of financial intelligence produced under the money laundering prevention regime, as a type of information endowed with meaning and value oriented to the identification and preventive characterization of criminal phenomena, to seek to assess their admissibility in criminal proceedings, as a resource for the investigation of organized and economic-financial crime. Based on the systematization of current law, instruments of international law, national doctrine and jurisprudence and elements of comparative law, we critically analyzed the main measures adopted by the legislator in Law No. 83/2017, of August 18, densifying and delimiting the scope of the concept in light of the competences of the Financial Information Unit as a national unit receiving reports of suspicious transactions, with competence to produce intelligence and its validity as an atypical means of proof subject to the principle of free assessment of evidence. In this journey we will try to demonstrate that the legal regime suffers from clarity and congruence, revealing weaknesses that favor controversial interpretations that are permeable to positions that conflict with the guarantees of the criminal, accusatory and contradictory process, and the protection of fundamental rights, allowing us to foresee a certain balancing the ideals of crime investigation in general and evidence collection, although structurally designed to regulate the identification and characterization of methodologies and new trends associated with the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing activities.
With our study we reflect on the nature of financial intelligence produced under the money laundering prevention regime, as a type of information endowed with meaning and value oriented to the identification and preventive characterization of criminal phenomena, to seek to assess their admissibility in criminal proceedings, as a resource for the investigation of organized and economic-financial crime. Based on the systematization of current law, instruments of international law, national doctrine and jurisprudence and elements of comparative law, we critically analyzed the main measures adopted by the legislator in Law No. 83/2017, of August 18, densifying and delimiting the scope of the concept in light of the competences of the Financial Information Unit as a national unit receiving reports of suspicious transactions, with competence to produce intelligence and its validity as an atypical means of proof subject to the principle of free assessment of evidence. In this journey we will try to demonstrate that the legal regime suffers from clarity and congruence, revealing weaknesses that favor controversial interpretations that are permeable to positions that conflict with the guarantees of the criminal, accusatory and contradictory process, and the protection of fundamental rights, allowing us to foresee a certain balancing the ideals of crime investigation in general and evidence collection, although structurally designed to regulate the identification and characterization of methodologies and new trends associated with the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing activities.
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Keywords
Branqueamento de capitais Prevenção Processo criminal Garantias Obtenção de prova Inteligência financeira Teses de mestrado - 2025 Money laundering Prevention Criminal process guarantees Means of obtaining evidence Financial intelligence