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Avaliação do microbioma oral de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) com e sem doença dentária
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Authors
Abstract(s)
As doenças dentárias são frequentes em coelhos domésticos, podendo afetar cerca de 15% dos animais e comprometendo gravemente o seu bem-estar. Embora a microbiota bacteriana oral desta espécie já tenha sido descrita, as alterações do microbioma associadas à doença dentária permanecem pouco esclarecidas. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e comparar o microbioma oral do coelho doméstico através da sequenciação de terceira geração (Oxford Nanopore ®) do gene 16S rDNA. Foram analisadas amostras da mucosa oral de 27 animais, divididos equitativamente por três grupos: coelhos saudáveis (n=9), com doença dentária (n=9) e com abcesso dentário (n=9). Foi avaliada a diversidade microbiana (alfa e beta) e a composição taxonómica em cada grupo, identificando diferenças significativas associadas à presença de doença oral. Apesar das amostras de cada coelho doente apresentarem uma redução estatisticamente significativa da diversidade microbiana oral, a diversidade total de espécies bacterianas encontradas em todos os coelhos doentes combinados foi maior do que nos coelhos saudáveis. Esta aparente contradição foi explicada pela diversidade beta, que demonstrou que a composição da comunidade microbiana variou mais entre coelhos doentes do que entre coelhos saudáveis. Nos coelhos saudáveis predominaram os géneros Bibersteinia e Rodentibacter (20,25% e 13,05%, respetivamente), enquanto os coelhos com doença dentária apresentaram um microbioma dominado por bactérias oportunistas. Em particular, registou se um aumento marcado de Streptococcus (16,21%) e de anaeróbios estritos nos grupos com doença avançada, nomeadamente Porphyromonas (de 0,6% nos saudáveis para >7% nos doentes). Contudo, a presença de Streptococcus diminuiu acentuadamente nos casos de abcesso (2,51%). A análise de diversidade beta mostrou a ocorrência de perfis microbianos distintos entre grupos: os coelhos saudáveis exibiram microbiomas mais homogéneos entre si, ao passo que os animais com algum tipo de alteração dentária apresentaram maior heterogeneidade, evidenciando alterações na estrutura da comunidade microbiana associadas à progressão da doença. Estes resultados demonstram que a doença dentária em coelhos está associada a alterações significativas no microbioma oral e sugerem potenciais biomarcadores microbianos para o diagnóstico e intervenção terapêutica nas doenças dentárias em coelhos
ABSTRACT - ASSESSEMENT OF THE ORAL MICROBIOME IN RABBITS (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS) WITH AND WITHOUT DENTAL DISEASE - Dental disease is a very common and significant condition in pet rabbits, affecting approximately 15% of individuals and severely impacting their well-being. Although the oral bacterial microbiota of this species has been described, the microbial changes associated with dental disease remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize and compare the oral microbiome of pet rabbits using long-read 16S rDNA sequencing (Oxford Nanopore ®). Analysis focused on oral mucosal samples from 27 animals, divided equally into three groups: healthy rabbits (n=9), rabbits with dental disease (n=9), and rabbits with odontogenic abscesses (n=9). Microbial diversity (alpha and beta) and taxonomic composition were assessed in each group, revealing significant differences associated with oral disease. Despite each diseased rabbit sample exhibiting a statistically significant reduction in oral microbial diversity, the overall diversity of bacterial species identified across all diseased rabbits combined was greater than that observed in healthy rabbits. This apparent contradiction was elucidated by beta diversity, which demonstrated greater heterogeneity in microbial community composition among diseased rabbits compared to healthy controls. The predominant genera in healthy rabbits were Bibersteinia and Rodentibacter (20,25% e 13,05%, respectively), whereas rabbits with dental disease exhibited a microbiome dominated by opportunistic bacteria. Specifically, a sharp increase in Streptococcus was detected in the group of animals with dental disease (16,21%), and an overgrowth of strict anaerobes was evident in animals with advanced disease, notably Porphyromonas (rising from 0.6% in healthy to over 7% in diseased groups). Conversely, Streptococcus abundance dropped drastically in abscess cases (2,51%). Beta-diversity analysis revealed distinct microbial profiles between groups: healthy rabbits showed a cohesive microbiome cluster, while rabbits with some kind of dental disease displayed greater intra-group variability. These patterns indicate a restructuring of the oral microbial community with disease progression. These findings demonstrate that dental disease in pet rabbits is associated with significant changes in the oral microbiome and suggest potential microbial biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in rabbit dental diseases
ABSTRACT - ASSESSEMENT OF THE ORAL MICROBIOME IN RABBITS (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS) WITH AND WITHOUT DENTAL DISEASE - Dental disease is a very common and significant condition in pet rabbits, affecting approximately 15% of individuals and severely impacting their well-being. Although the oral bacterial microbiota of this species has been described, the microbial changes associated with dental disease remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize and compare the oral microbiome of pet rabbits using long-read 16S rDNA sequencing (Oxford Nanopore ®). Analysis focused on oral mucosal samples from 27 animals, divided equally into three groups: healthy rabbits (n=9), rabbits with dental disease (n=9), and rabbits with odontogenic abscesses (n=9). Microbial diversity (alpha and beta) and taxonomic composition were assessed in each group, revealing significant differences associated with oral disease. Despite each diseased rabbit sample exhibiting a statistically significant reduction in oral microbial diversity, the overall diversity of bacterial species identified across all diseased rabbits combined was greater than that observed in healthy rabbits. This apparent contradiction was elucidated by beta diversity, which demonstrated greater heterogeneity in microbial community composition among diseased rabbits compared to healthy controls. The predominant genera in healthy rabbits were Bibersteinia and Rodentibacter (20,25% e 13,05%, respectively), whereas rabbits with dental disease exhibited a microbiome dominated by opportunistic bacteria. Specifically, a sharp increase in Streptococcus was detected in the group of animals with dental disease (16,21%), and an overgrowth of strict anaerobes was evident in animals with advanced disease, notably Porphyromonas (rising from 0.6% in healthy to over 7% in diseased groups). Conversely, Streptococcus abundance dropped drastically in abscess cases (2,51%). Beta-diversity analysis revealed distinct microbial profiles between groups: healthy rabbits showed a cohesive microbiome cluster, while rabbits with some kind of dental disease displayed greater intra-group variability. These patterns indicate a restructuring of the oral microbial community with disease progression. These findings demonstrate that dental disease in pet rabbits is associated with significant changes in the oral microbiome and suggest potential microbial biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in rabbit dental diseases
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Clínica
Keywords
Coelho doméstico Doença dentária Abcesso odontogénico Microbioma oral Sequenciação de terceira geração Domestic rabbit Dental disease Odontogenic abscess Oral microbiome Third generation sequencing
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Almeida FSS. 2025. Avaliação do microbioma oral de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) com e sem doença dentária [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária