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Contrato de trabalho da administração pública e sistema de fontes
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A investigação tem por objectivo compreender, a partir do sistema de fontes, se a situação jurídica dos trabalhadores da Administração Pública é estruturalmente distinta da dos restantes trabalhadores. Para tanto procedeu-se a uma análise histórica e comparada do trabalho subordinado nos países europeus com maiores afinidades com o nosso sistema jurídico. Verifica-se que, desde sempre, existiu a interrogação sobre o que distingue o denominado emprego público do emprego privado, mas, mais importante, pode afirmar-se que o emprego público é mais uma ocasionalidade do que uma necessidade. A valoração do ordenamento jurídico-constitucional e do regime vigente permite a conclusão de que a constituição de todas as situações de trabalho subordinado na Administração Pública resulta da celebração de um contrato nos termos do qual uma pessoal singular se obriga a prestar a sua actividade subordinadamente a outrem mediante remuneração. A matriz constitucional do trabalho e da função pública estão numa relação de especialidade, aplicando-se na Administração Pública todos os direitos que constitucionalmente têm os trabalhadores por destinatários, em especial o direito à contratação pública, que inclui o direito de celebrar convenções colectivas com natureza de fonte de direito. O reconhecimento do princípio do tratamento mais favorável no domínio do trabalho subordinado na Administração Pública e a previsão de convenções colectivas aplicáveis ao emprego público demonstram a unidade do sistema de fontes em relação a todos os trabalhadores subordinados. O facto de o trabalho subordinado na Administração Pública pressupor a aplicação de um conjunto de regras de direito 6 administrativo decorrentes da natureza do empregador público não afasta a consideração deste fenómeno do Direito do Trabalho enquanto área de irrelevância entre o direito público e o privado. Os trabalhadores da Administração Pública são assim sujeitos de um contrato de trabalho especial ao qual é aplicável o Direito do Trabalho.
The objective of the present research is to understand, based on the system of legal sources, if the legal position of the civil servants is structurally distinct from that of the remaining employees. For that purpose, we developed an historical and comparative analysis of the subordinate work in the European countries with major similarities with our legal system. We have verified that has always existed an interrogation on what distinguishes the so-called public employment from the private employment, but, mostly important, we can affirm that the public employment is more an occasionality than a necessity. The assessment of the legal-constitutional system and the regime in force lead us to conclude that the establishment of all the situations of subordinate work in the Public Administration results from a contract, under which an individual undertakes the obligation to provide his activity subordinately in return of remuneration. The constitutional matrix of work and public service are within a specialty relationship, being applied in the Public Administration all the rights constitutionally conferred to the workers, specially the right to public procurement that includes the right to celebrate collective agreements with the nature of legal source. The acknowledgement of the principle of more favourable treatment in the domain of subordinate work in the Public Administration, alongside with the prevision of collective agreements applied to public employment, reveal the harmony of the system of legal sources in relation to all the subordinate workers. The fact that the subordinate work in the Public Administration presumes the application of a group of administrative law rules, as result of the nature of the public employee, does not undermine the consideration of this Labour Law phenomenon as an area of irrelevancy between public and private law. 8 The workers in the Public Administration are, therefore, subject to a special labour contract to which the Labour Law is applied.
The objective of the present research is to understand, based on the system of legal sources, if the legal position of the civil servants is structurally distinct from that of the remaining employees. For that purpose, we developed an historical and comparative analysis of the subordinate work in the European countries with major similarities with our legal system. We have verified that has always existed an interrogation on what distinguishes the so-called public employment from the private employment, but, mostly important, we can affirm that the public employment is more an occasionality than a necessity. The assessment of the legal-constitutional system and the regime in force lead us to conclude that the establishment of all the situations of subordinate work in the Public Administration results from a contract, under which an individual undertakes the obligation to provide his activity subordinately in return of remuneration. The constitutional matrix of work and public service are within a specialty relationship, being applied in the Public Administration all the rights constitutionally conferred to the workers, specially the right to public procurement that includes the right to celebrate collective agreements with the nature of legal source. The acknowledgement of the principle of more favourable treatment in the domain of subordinate work in the Public Administration, alongside with the prevision of collective agreements applied to public employment, reveal the harmony of the system of legal sources in relation to all the subordinate workers. The fact that the subordinate work in the Public Administration presumes the application of a group of administrative law rules, as result of the nature of the public employee, does not undermine the consideration of this Labour Law phenomenon as an area of irrelevancy between public and private law. 8 The workers in the Public Administration are, therefore, subject to a special labour contract to which the Labour Law is applied.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Jurídicas (Direito do Trabalho), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Direito, 2011
Palavras-chave
Contrato de trabalho Administração pública Trabalho subordinado Fontes do direito Acordos colectivos Teses de doutoramento - 2011