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Atlas de emancipação e criatividade
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A presente investigação tem como ponto de partida o domínio do design social, a partir do qual é expandido o estudo a outros territórios no âmbito da arte. Trata-se de uma área do conhecimento eclética e transdisciplinar focada no desenvolvimento de projetos com determinados grupos sociais, através de uma prática simultaneamente simbólica e útil para a sociedade.
Desde a Antiguidade Clássica, onde o conceito de teknè caracterizava um conjunto de práticas no qual as noções de arte e de técnica eram indissociáveis, as artes visuais e o design autonomizaram-se enquanto disciplinas, tendo posteriormente atravessado momentos caracterizados por fluxos de aproximação e de afastamento entre ambas as áreas de conhecimento. No século XX, e na segunda metade deste período em particular, desencadearam-se, tanto na esfera da arte como do design, fenómenos de caráter político e social que conduziram as diversas manifestações, independentemente da origem, ao desenvolvimento de teorias e práticas com naturezas comuns.
Tendo em conta a sinergia existente entre as artes visuais e o design, especificamente na esfera de projetos de envolvimento social com grupos e comunidades, a investigação procura analisar algumas das metodologias e métodos utilizados, bem como refletir sobre os resultados atingidos. A questão central que o estudo procura aprofundar, através de pesquisa teórica e experimental, é a possibilidade de desenvolvimento e sistematização de uma prática híbrida informada por diferentes manifestações artísticas participativas e de envolvimento social, em particular no âmbito do design e das artes visuais.
No que diz respeito à abordagem histórica e crítica, o estudo centra-se na evolução das artes visuais e do design numa perspetiva social, em função da qual são analisados movimentos artísticos e correntes do design definidos por uma dimensão ética, pela responsabilidade cívica, assim como caracterizados por resultados similares em termos de expressão visual. Destaca-se a exploração de alguns conceitos considerados chave para a pesquisa que são aprofundados a par da contextualização histórica e da componente prática, nomeadamente as noções de transdisciplinaridade, transmedia, sustentabilidade cultural, emancipação, máquina de co-design e atlas de imagens.
Paralelamente ao estudo de diferentes expressões de carácter social, a investigação procura definir uma prática transmedia de envolvimento social focada no desenvolvimento de atividades participativas e de co-design, com cidadãos de áreas vulneráveis. Deste modo, através de uma metodologia de base experimental centrada no desenvolvimento projetual, são apresentados três casos de estudo que foram desenvolvidos durante a investigação, designadamente os projetos Netskola, Kowork e Mais Sul, os quais ocorreram em áreas residenciais social e culturalmente vulneráveis da periferia de Lisboa.
A investigação tem como objetivo principal demonstrar através da análise, da avaliação e da interpretação de dados científicos e empíricos, que uma prática transmedia para a inovação social, junto de cidadãos residentes em áreas vulneráveis, com o objetivo de intensificar a criatividade latente e a consequente emancipação, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento sociocultural dos mesmos e, consequentemente, para uma evolução sustentável da sociedade.
Neste contexto, é apresentada a sistematização das várias fases de projeto através de uma metodologia específica que se designa como máquina de co-design. Trata-se de uma máquina imaterial que sistematiza um conjunto de processos orientados pelas práticas de design, das artes visuais e de ativismo, com o objetivo de gerar o crescimento da criatividade latente no cidadão participante e na comunidade, e, assim, contribuir para a regulação do capital de criatividade da sociedade.
Salienta-se a utilização da metodologia de co-design e o objetivo de constituir um arquivo de conteúdos visuais e audiovisuais alusivos aos projetos desenvolvidos. Este momento final da sistematização da prática desenvolvida, intitulado Atlas de Emancipação e Criatividade, é, por sua vez, um ponto de partida para a criação de conhecimento junto da sociedade, que se pretende sensibilizar para a importância de promover ações artísticas para a inovação social junto de comunidades desfavorecidas.
Tendo como base a investigação teórica transdisciplinar no domínio das artes visuais e do design, o desenvolvimento dos projetos de envolvimento social Netskola, Kowork e Mais Sul, assim como a criação de um arquivo documental de cada intervenção, é apresentada uma avaliação dos casos de estudo através do método Delphi. Esta técnica de análise foi implementada junto de um grupo estruturado de especialistas nos domínios do design, das artes visuais, da história de arte, entre outros profissionais, designadamente responsáveis da administração pública, na área social, da educação e da cultura.
Os resultados obtidos na presente investigação verificam-se por intermédio da mais-valia social e cultural que foi alcançada com cada grupo, bem como por intermédio da intersubjetividade gerada entre as áreas do conhecimento implicadas no estudo. Deste modo, foi possível demonstrar que a prática transmedia de envolvimento social implementada junto de cidadãos de áreas residenciais vulneráveis pode ser entendida como uma forma eficiente de impulsionar a criatividade latente e a emancipação dos cidadãos em questão e, consequentemente, contribuir para a promoção da sustentabilidade social e cultural do restante tecido social.
Quanto à utilização de diferentes meios de expressão para o desenvolvimento de projetos artísticos para a inovação social, foi demonstrada, através dos casos de estudo analisados e dos projetos implementados, bem como reconhecida, a existência de uma lógica transmedia caracterizada pela utilização de diversos recursos expressivos em função de objetivos de índole social.
A investigação concluiu que a arte e o design para a inovação social é um território integral que pode ser compreendido como interdisciplinar ou transdisciplinar, e que este pode marcar a diferença no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de soluções alternativas e inovadoras que contribuam para a resolução de problemas sociais em zonas urbanas desfavorecidas.
ABSTRACT: The present research has as its starting point the domain of social design, from which the study is expanded to other territories within the scope of art. It is an eclectic and transdisciplinary area of knowledge focused on the development of projects with certain social groups, through a practice that is both symbolic and useful for society. From classical antiquity, where the concept of tekné characterized a set of practices in which the notions of art and technique were inseparable, the visual arts and the design became autonomous as disciplines, having subsequently crossed moments characterized by approximation flows between both areas of knowledge. In the twentieth century, and in the second half of this particular period, both in art and design, phenomena of political and social character led the various manifestations, regardless of origin, to the development of theories and practices of common nature. Given the synergy between the visual arts and design, specifically in the area of social engaged projects with groups and communities, the research seeks to analyze some of the methodologies and methods used, as well as to reflect on the results achieved. The central question that the study seeks to deepen, through theoretical and experimental research, is the possibility of developing and systematizing a hybrid practice informed by different participatory artistic manifestations and of social involvement, particularly in the scope of design and the visual arts. Regarding the historical and critical approach, the study focuses on the visual arts and design evolution from a social perspective, according to which artistic movements and design trends defined by an ethical dimension, and civic responsibility, are analyzed, as well as characterized by similar results in terms of visual expression. It highlights the exploration of some concepts considered key to the research, which are deepened along with the historical contextualization and the practical component, namely the notions of transdisciplinarity, transmedia, cultural sustainability, emancipation, co-design machine and atlas of images. Parallel to the study of different social nature expressions, the research seeks to define a transmedia practice of social involvement focused on the development of participatory and co-design activities, with citizens from vulnerable areas. Thus, through an experimental basis methodology focused on project development, three case studies were presented during the research, namely the Netskola, Kowork and Mais Sul projects, which occurred in socially and culturally vulnerable residential areas of the Lisbon periphery. The main objective of the research is to demonstrate, through the analysis, evaluation and interpretation of scientific and empirical data, that a transmedia practice for social innovation among certain citizens residing in vulnerable areas, with the objective of intensifying latent creativity and consequent emancipation, can contribute to their socio-cultural development and, consequently, to a sustainable evolution of society. In this context, the various design phases systematization is presented through a specific methodology, which is known as a co-design machine. It is an immaterial machine that systematizes a set of processes oriented by the design practices, by the visual arts, and activism, with the aim of generating the growth of latent creativity in the participant citizen and in the community, and, thus, contribute to the regulation of the creativity capital of society. It is also emphasized the use of the co-design methodology and the objective of constituting an archive of visual and audiovisual contents allusive to the developed projects. This systematization final moment of the developed practice, entitled Emancipation and Creativity Atlas, is, in turn, a starting point for the creation of knowledge among society, which aims to raise awareness of the importance of promoting innovative artistic actions with disadvantaged communities. Based on the transdisciplinary theoretical research in the field of visual arts and design, the development of the social engaged projects Netskola, Kowork and Mais Sul, as well as the creation of a documentary archive of each intervention, it is presented an evaluation of the case studies through the Delphi method. This analysis technique was implemented by a group of specialists in the fields of design, visual arts, art history, among other professionals, namely those responsible for public administration in the social, educational and cultural fields. The results obtained in the present investigation are confirmed through the social and cultural value that was achieved with each group, as well as through the intersubjectivity generated between the areas of knowledge implied in the study. In this way, it was possible to demonstrate that the transmedia social engaged practice implemented with citizens of vulnerable residential areas can be understood as an efficient way to boost the latent creativity and emancipation of the citizens in question and, consequently, contribute to the promotion of the social and cultural sustainability development of the remaining social fabric. Regarding the use of different means of expression for the development of artistic projects for social innovation, it was demonstrated through the case studies analyzed and the projects implemented, as well as recognized the existence of a transmedia logic characterized by the use of several expressive resources according to social objectives. The research concluded that art and design for social innovation is an integral territory that can be understood as interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary, and that this understanding can make a difference in the development of alternative and innovative solutions that contribute to the problem solving in disadvantaged urban areas.
ABSTRACT: The present research has as its starting point the domain of social design, from which the study is expanded to other territories within the scope of art. It is an eclectic and transdisciplinary area of knowledge focused on the development of projects with certain social groups, through a practice that is both symbolic and useful for society. From classical antiquity, where the concept of tekné characterized a set of practices in which the notions of art and technique were inseparable, the visual arts and the design became autonomous as disciplines, having subsequently crossed moments characterized by approximation flows between both areas of knowledge. In the twentieth century, and in the second half of this particular period, both in art and design, phenomena of political and social character led the various manifestations, regardless of origin, to the development of theories and practices of common nature. Given the synergy between the visual arts and design, specifically in the area of social engaged projects with groups and communities, the research seeks to analyze some of the methodologies and methods used, as well as to reflect on the results achieved. The central question that the study seeks to deepen, through theoretical and experimental research, is the possibility of developing and systematizing a hybrid practice informed by different participatory artistic manifestations and of social involvement, particularly in the scope of design and the visual arts. Regarding the historical and critical approach, the study focuses on the visual arts and design evolution from a social perspective, according to which artistic movements and design trends defined by an ethical dimension, and civic responsibility, are analyzed, as well as characterized by similar results in terms of visual expression. It highlights the exploration of some concepts considered key to the research, which are deepened along with the historical contextualization and the practical component, namely the notions of transdisciplinarity, transmedia, cultural sustainability, emancipation, co-design machine and atlas of images. Parallel to the study of different social nature expressions, the research seeks to define a transmedia practice of social involvement focused on the development of participatory and co-design activities, with citizens from vulnerable areas. Thus, through an experimental basis methodology focused on project development, three case studies were presented during the research, namely the Netskola, Kowork and Mais Sul projects, which occurred in socially and culturally vulnerable residential areas of the Lisbon periphery. The main objective of the research is to demonstrate, through the analysis, evaluation and interpretation of scientific and empirical data, that a transmedia practice for social innovation among certain citizens residing in vulnerable areas, with the objective of intensifying latent creativity and consequent emancipation, can contribute to their socio-cultural development and, consequently, to a sustainable evolution of society. In this context, the various design phases systematization is presented through a specific methodology, which is known as a co-design machine. It is an immaterial machine that systematizes a set of processes oriented by the design practices, by the visual arts, and activism, with the aim of generating the growth of latent creativity in the participant citizen and in the community, and, thus, contribute to the regulation of the creativity capital of society. It is also emphasized the use of the co-design methodology and the objective of constituting an archive of visual and audiovisual contents allusive to the developed projects. This systematization final moment of the developed practice, entitled Emancipation and Creativity Atlas, is, in turn, a starting point for the creation of knowledge among society, which aims to raise awareness of the importance of promoting innovative artistic actions with disadvantaged communities. Based on the transdisciplinary theoretical research in the field of visual arts and design, the development of the social engaged projects Netskola, Kowork and Mais Sul, as well as the creation of a documentary archive of each intervention, it is presented an evaluation of the case studies through the Delphi method. This analysis technique was implemented by a group of specialists in the fields of design, visual arts, art history, among other professionals, namely those responsible for public administration in the social, educational and cultural fields. The results obtained in the present investigation are confirmed through the social and cultural value that was achieved with each group, as well as through the intersubjectivity generated between the areas of knowledge implied in the study. In this way, it was possible to demonstrate that the transmedia social engaged practice implemented with citizens of vulnerable residential areas can be understood as an efficient way to boost the latent creativity and emancipation of the citizens in question and, consequently, contribute to the promotion of the social and cultural sustainability development of the remaining social fabric. Regarding the use of different means of expression for the development of artistic projects for social innovation, it was demonstrated through the case studies analyzed and the projects implemented, as well as recognized the existence of a transmedia logic characterized by the use of several expressive resources according to social objectives. The research concluded that art and design for social innovation is an integral territory that can be understood as interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary, and that this understanding can make a difference in the development of alternative and innovative solutions that contribute to the problem solving in disadvantaged urban areas.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Design, com a especialização em Design apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.
Palavras-chave
Arte e design ativista Inovação social Imagem societal Prática transmedia Co-design Art and design Activism Social innovation Societal image Transmedia practice Co-design
Contexto Educativo
Citação
PINTO, António Gorgel - Atlas de emancipação e criatividade : arte e design ativista - inovação social - imagem societal.- Lisboa: FA, 2019. Tese de Doutoramento.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura