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Memórias de uma gravidez na adolescência : vivência psicológica e estigma social
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Introdução teórica: A presente dissertação de Mestrado pretende ser um contributo
para o estudo da gravidez na adolescência, nomeadamente para a compreensão das
vivências e bem-estar psicológico de adolescentes grávidas, tendo em conta
experiências de vida e contextos sociais, abordando questões de género, educação
sexual e reprodutiva e o direito de igualdade de oportunidades, dando ênfase aos riscos
físicos e psicológicos associados à adolescência e suas especificidades. Assim,
propomo-nos analisar a evolução psicológica de adolescentes grávidas a fim de
compreender de que forma é que a gravidez precoce, não planeada e ou não desejada,
afeta a saúde e o bem-estar mental de jovens dos 10 aos 19 anos e compreender de que
forma uma rede de apoio (família, amigos, professores, técnicos e psicólogos) pode
contribuir para o bem-estar de jovens mães adolescentes e seus filhos, bem como ajudálas a desenvolver habilidades para a vida. Metodologia: Participantes: mulheres (N =
60) entre 18 e 61 anos que tiveram o seu primeiro filho durante a adolescência.
Instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico, Parental Bonding Instrument,
Questionário de Consciência de Estigma adaptado para a Gravidez na Adolescência,
Escala de Vinculação Pré-Natal Materna e Escala de Ansiedade Depressão e Stress.
Procedimento: Recrutamento on-line com recurso à plataforma Qualtrics, utilizando o
Consentimento Informado, foi divulgado nas redes sociais. Resultados: Parece haver
um planeamento, ainda que inconsciente, da gravidez ocorrida em adolescentes que
procuram um significado para a sua vida, o que contribui para uma vinculação materna
mais estruturante. A superproteção da mãe parece desempenhar um papel significativo
na forma como se desenvolve a vinculação materna pré-natal e parece influenciar
negativamente os estados emocionais das jovens, gerando dificuldades na resposta à
ansiedade e ao stress. O cuidado materno funciona como fator protetor na resposta à
depressão. Conclusões: Podemos concluir que as memórias da relação com as figuras
parentais influenciam a forma como se desenvolve o ajustamento dos estados
emocionais, bem como a vinculação materna.
Theoretical Introduction: This Master's thesis aims to be a contribution to the study of adolescent pregnancy, namely to the understanding of the experiences and psychological well-being of pregnant adolescents, taking into account life experiences and social contexts, addressing gender issues, sexual and reproductive education and the right to equal opportunities, emphasizing the physical and psychological risks associated with adolescence and its specificities. Thus, we propose to analyse the psychological evolution of pregnant adolescents in order to understand how early pregnancy, unplanned and or unwanted, affects the health and mental well-being of young people from 10 to 19 years old and to understand how a support network (family, friends, teachers, technicians and psychologists) can contribute to the well-being of young adolescent mothers and their children, as well as help them to develop life skills. Methodology: Participants: women (N = 60) between 18 and 61 who had their first child during adolescence. Instruments: Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire, Parental Bonding Instrument, Stigma Awareness Questionnaire adapted for Adolescent Pregnancy, Maternal Pre-Natal Bonding Scale and Depression, Stress and Anxiety Scale. Procedure: Online recruitment using the Qualtrics platform, using Informed Consent, was disseminated through social networks. Results: There seems to be a planning, even if unconscious, of pregnancy taking place in adolescents who, probably, are seeking for meaning in their lives, contributing to a more structuring maternal bond. The overprotection of the mother seems to play a significant role in the way prenatal maternal attachment develops and seems to negatively influence the emotional states of the teenagers, generating difficulties in abilities to cope with anxiety and stress. Maternal care functions as a protective factor in the response to depression. Conclusions: We can conclude that the memories of the relationships with the parental figures influence the way by which the adjustment of emotional states develops, as well as the maternal attachment.
Theoretical Introduction: This Master's thesis aims to be a contribution to the study of adolescent pregnancy, namely to the understanding of the experiences and psychological well-being of pregnant adolescents, taking into account life experiences and social contexts, addressing gender issues, sexual and reproductive education and the right to equal opportunities, emphasizing the physical and psychological risks associated with adolescence and its specificities. Thus, we propose to analyse the psychological evolution of pregnant adolescents in order to understand how early pregnancy, unplanned and or unwanted, affects the health and mental well-being of young people from 10 to 19 years old and to understand how a support network (family, friends, teachers, technicians and psychologists) can contribute to the well-being of young adolescent mothers and their children, as well as help them to develop life skills. Methodology: Participants: women (N = 60) between 18 and 61 who had their first child during adolescence. Instruments: Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire, Parental Bonding Instrument, Stigma Awareness Questionnaire adapted for Adolescent Pregnancy, Maternal Pre-Natal Bonding Scale and Depression, Stress and Anxiety Scale. Procedure: Online recruitment using the Qualtrics platform, using Informed Consent, was disseminated through social networks. Results: There seems to be a planning, even if unconscious, of pregnancy taking place in adolescents who, probably, are seeking for meaning in their lives, contributing to a more structuring maternal bond. The overprotection of the mother seems to play a significant role in the way prenatal maternal attachment develops and seems to negatively influence the emotional states of the teenagers, generating difficulties in abilities to cope with anxiety and stress. Maternal care functions as a protective factor in the response to depression. Conclusions: We can conclude that the memories of the relationships with the parental figures influence the way by which the adjustment of emotional states develops, as well as the maternal attachment.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2020
Palavras-chave
Gravidez na adolescência Estigma Vinculação materna Teses de mestrado - 2020